Micro

Question 1

Protein manufacturing steps

Answer 1

Transcribe DNA to mRNA
THEN
translate mRNA into chains of amino acids

Question 2

Treatment for Candida albicans: topical

Answer 2

Nystatin and clotrimazole

Question 3

Treatment for Candida albicans: systemic

Answer 3

Fluconazole

Question 4

Most commonly used probiotic

Answer 4

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Question 5

Streptococcus sanguinis

Answer 5

Early plaque colonizers

Implicated in bacterial endocarditis and dental caries

Question 6

Streptococcus Mitis

Answer 6

Implicated in bacterial endocarditis

Question 7

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 7

Gram-positive cocci- facultative
Causes: 
Strep throat (pharyngitis)
tonsillitis 
rheumatic fever
 scarlet fever 
cellulitis

Spreads through from person to person

Question 8

Gamma hemolytic streptococcus

Answer 8

unable to lyse red blood cells

Question 9

Alpha hemolytic streptococcus

Answer 9

Partially lyse red blood cells

Question 10

Beta hemolytic streptococcus

Answer 10

Completely lyse red blood cells

Question 11

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 11

Found in periodontal pockets and sulcus

Cannot tolerate oxygen

Question 12

Obligate aerobes

Answer 12

Have all the enzymes (Catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase)

Uses Krebs cycle and glycolysis

Must have oxygen to survive

Question 13

The most commonly used source carbon and energy for humans and bacteria is

Answer 13

Glucose

Question 14

What to diseases are caused by spirochetes

Answer 14

Syphilis

Lyme disease

Question 15

What is the universal blood donor type

Answer 15

Type O negative

Question 16

What immunoglobulin is on the surface of B lymphocytes

Answer 16

IgD

Question 17

What are macrophages roles

Answer 17

Phagocytosis

Transport and process antigens

Question 18

What are complement activator anti-bodies

Answer 18

IgG and IgM

Question 19

IgG antibody

3pts

Answer 19

Only antibody to cross the placental barrier

Complement activator

*Most abundant antibody body in the body

Question 20

IgA antibody

Answer 20

Main immunoglobulin in secretions (saliva)

Question 21

IgE antibody

Answer 21

Response to allergies

Binds to mast cells and basophils

Question 22

IgM antibody

4pts

Answer 22

Largest antibody

First anti-body produced after birth

Has 10 binding sites

Complement activator

Question 23

Universal blood recipient type

Answer 23

Type AB +

Question 24

What is the most resistant disease causing organism

Answer 24

MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus)

Question 25

Treatment for MRSA

Answer 25

Antibiotics: vancomycin and bactrim

Question 26

What is the first microbe to colonize in an infant mouth

Answer 26

Streptococcus salivarius

Question 27

Rod-like structures

Answer 27

Bacillus (bacilli)

Question 28

Spherical organisms

Answer 28

Coccus (cocci)

Question 29

Acid fast techniques are used for

Answer 29

MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis) | Due to its waxy Outer layer (Impervious to gram staining)

Question 30

Where are all immune system cells produced

Answer 30

Bone marrow

Question 31

Herpes viruses | 3

Answer 31

Varicella-zoster Epstein-Barr Kaposis sarcoma

Question 32

Types of DNA viruses | 5

Answer 32

``` Hepatitis B Human papilloma virus Herpes Symplex type I and II Varicella-zoster Epstein-Barr ```

Question 33

Types of RNA viruses

Answer 33

``` HIV** Hepatitis A C D E Mumps Measles Influenza ```

Question 34

Viral replication depends on what

Answer 34

mRNA

Question 35

T or F: Transcription is from DNA to RNA

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is the role of mRNA

Answer 36

Move information contained in the DNA to the host cells cytoplasm Primary function of mRNA is TRANSLATION

Question 37

Systemic infection of Candida may involve...

Answer 37

The Esophagus

Question 38

What is the main pathogenic bacteria in pregnancy related gingivitis

Answer 38

Prevotella intermedia

Question 39

Pleomorphic means

Answer 39

Lacks a distinct shape

Question 40

Spiral shaped bacteria

Answer 40

Spirochetes

Question 41

Aerobic means

Answer 41

With oxygen

Question 42

Anaerobic means

Answer 42

Without oxygen

Question 43

What are the bacterial growth phases

Answer 43

Lag phase Log phase (Organisms are most likely to break down by antimicrobial agents) Stationary phase Death phase

Question 44

T or F: Streptococcus mutans are not associated with Periodontal disease

Answer 44

True

Question 45

A typical lesion of staphylococcus is a(n)

Answer 45

Abscess

Question 46

What bacteria is associated with root carries

Answer 46

Lactobacillus

Question 47

What organisms require dark field microscopy

Answer 47

Spirochetes

Question 48

What are the most disease causing organisms

Answer 48

Facultative anaerobes

Question 49

Serology for HBV Anti-HBsAg=

Answer 49

No active disease, immune**

Question 50

Serology for HBV HBeAg=

Answer 50

High infectivity and active infection

Question 51

What vaccination protects against human papilloma virus

Answer 51

Gardasil

Question 52

What is the causative organism for herpangina

Answer 52

Coxsackie virus

Question 53

What herpes virus is associated with AIDS

Answer 53

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 54

What is an example of a vascular response

Answer 54

Acute inflammation: characterized by Edema, erythema and pain

Question 55

Neutrophils | (3)

Answer 55

Most numerous white blood cells First line defenders A.k.a. Phagocytes

Question 56

When something is wrong with _____function, _________ ________ is the result

Answer 56

Neutrophil Periodontal disease

Question 57

Cellular immunity | 3 pts

Answer 57

T cells** Hypersensitivity response Regulation of antibody response

Question 58

Humoral immunity | 3pts

Answer 58

B cells*** Autoimmunity Allergic response

Question 59

What do plasma cells do

Answer 59

Make antibodies

Question 60

Hypersensitivity reaction: | type I

Answer 60

Anaphylactic reaction Primary antibody involved: IgE

Question 61

Hypersensitivity reaction: type II

Answer 61

Cytotoxic reaction

Question 62

Hypersensitivity reaction: type III

Answer 62

Immune-complex reaction | Mechanism for autoimmune disorder

Question 63

Hypersensitivity reaction: type IV

Answer 63

Cell-mediated reaction T cells are involved in this reaction

Question 64

Examples of auto immune disorders

Answer 64

Crohn’s disease Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus erythematous Scleroderma

Question 65

Scleroderma

Answer 65

This auto immune disorder is associated with Raynauds phenomenon and generalized widening of the PDL space