Micro: Gram - Bacterial Infections

Question 1

Gram negatives can be grouped based on shape into:

Answer 1

Gram - rods (majority of gram negs) and gram - cocci

Question 2

Mostly, the gram - rods are found in these locations:

Answer 2

GI/GU tract and respiratory tract

Question 3

List the two genus/species that are characteristic of gram - cocci.

Answer 3

Family Neisseriaciae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 4

Gram - rods, a major component of normal GI flora can cause these two diseases in uncontrolled.

Answer 4

gastroenteritis & enterocolitis

Question 5

Inflammatory diarrhea also called dysentery is characterized by having:

Answer 5

blood. WBCs/RBCs seen in stool

Question 6

What part of the GI tract is commonly involved in inflammatory diarrhea?

Answer 6

Colon

Question 7

What part of the GI tract is commonly involved in noninflammatory diarrhea?

Answer 7

small intestine

Question 8

90% of gastroenteritis is caused by:

Answer 8

viruses

Question 9

Name the two types of E. coli that cause gastroenteritis.

Answer 9

Enterohemmorhagic E. coli (EHEC)

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Question 10

What subgroup of E. coli is implicated in hemorrhagic colitis caused by eating undercooked meats?

Answer 10

EHEC

Question 11

EHEC’s disease of hemorrhagic colitis is _____-mediated.

Answer 11

Toxin mediated (inhibits protein synthesis)

Question 12

This particular strain of EHEC can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome, a feared serious complication causing anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure.

Answer 12

EHEC 0157:H7

Question 13

True or false: treating EHEC 0157:H7 with abx can precipitate hemolytic uremic syndrome, and is therefore contraindicated.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

People acquire ETEC by:

Answer 14

Ingesting contaminated food/water

Question 15

ETEC’s disease is _______-mediated. (think about this one…)

Answer 15

Toxin-mediated! woooooooooooooooot

Question 16

This is a major cause of “traveler’s diarrhea”.

Answer 16

ETEC

Question 17

This pathogen causes 90% of UTIs. #1 cause

Answer 17

E. coli

Question 18

Can people become bacterimic from their own normal flora of E. coli?

Answer 18

Hell yeah they can!

Question 19

Which species of Salmonella is implicated in gastroenteritis caused by eating contaminated poultry and eggs and also from touching Watson and Crick and not washing your hands?

Answer 19

S. enteritidis

Question 20

Which species of Salmonella is implicated in Typhoid fever?

Answer 20

S. enterica serotype Typhimurium

Question 21

What is one of the most common causes of bloody diarrhea/dysentery?

Answer 21

Shigella sonnei (most common in US), dysenteriae (more common world-wide)

Question 22

How does one, say, acquire Shigella infection?

Answer 22

Eating shit. Or touching shit that has touched shit and putting that shit covered shit in your mouth. Nasty ass kids.

Question 23

What terrible disease associated with EHEC can Shigella also cause?

Answer 23

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 24

What microscopic morphology is characteristic of Campylobacter sp?

Answer 24

this, spiral, or S-shaped gram - rods.

Question 25

What is the most common enteric bacterial infection in developed countries?

Answer 25

Campylobacter

Question 26

What disease characterizes Campylobacter?

Answer 26

Watery diarrhea that progresses to bloody

Question 27

The Vibrio genus of bacteria is characterized by what microscopic morphology?

Answer 27

curved rods

Question 28

Vibrio cholerae causes what disease?

Answer 28

Cholera; caused by fecal contamination from water

Question 29

Vibrio cholerae showes its ugly face under these conditions:

Answer 29

poor sanitation, malnutrition, natural disasters

Question 30

Vibrio cholerae is _____-mediated. (be careful on this one, it's tricky)

Answer 30

Toxin-mediated. man, you're catching on...

Question 31

Vibrio cholerae is characterized by disease presenting as:

Answer 31

Massive watery diarrhea "rice water stools". Can lead to dehydration and death

Question 32

What is the treatment for Vibrio cholerae?

Answer 32

Oral rehydration salts

Question 33

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is caused by:

Answer 33

ingesting raw/undercooked seafood/shellfish (esp. oysters)

Question 34

Vibrio parahaemolyticus's disease is characterized by:

Answer 34

watery diarrhea. can also cause wound infections

Question 35

Vibrio vulnificus is cause by:

Answer 35

eating raw shellfish

Question 36

Vibrio vulnificus's disease is characterized as.

Answer 36

Diarrhea/severe soft tissue infections. Can cause sepsis and death in those with underlying liver disease.

Question 37

List the 3 respiratory tract infection causing gram - rods and the two that are considered opportunistic pathogens

Answer 37

Haemophilus influenzae Bordetella pertussis Legionella pneumophila Opportunistics: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 38

H. influenzae causes:

Answer 38

``` Meningitis (less commonly now that there is a vaccine for it) Otitis media and sinusitis Epiglottitis Pneumonia- elderly COPD exacerbations ```

Question 39

Describe the micro morph of H. influenzae

Answer 39

Coccobacillus

Question 40

Describe the micro morph of Bordetella pertussis

Answer 40

Encapsulated coccobacillus

Question 41

B. pertussis causes this disease, surprise!

Answer 41

Pertussis- whooping cough

Question 42

T/F: there is a vaccine that prevents pertussis.

Answer 42

True.

Question 43

This bacterium causes an atypical pneumonia and can be transmitted through contaminated fountains, whirlpool baths, air conditioners, etc.

Answer 43

Legionella pneumophila

Question 44

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is susceptible to most abx on the market, T/F.

Answer 44

False, it is multi-drug resistant

Question 45

P. aeruginosa causes these infections:

Answer 45

Hospital-acquired pneumonia Sepsis Skin infections in burn pts UTIs, esp. hospital-acquired

Question 46

Where is P. aeruginosa found?

Answer 46

water, soil, GI tract

Question 47

Klebsiella pneumoniae is found:

Answer 47

Water, soil, GI tract

Question 48

K. pneumoniae causes this disease:

Answer 48

Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

Question 49

T/F: resistance among strains of K. pneumoniae is uncommon.

Answer 49

False, resistance is common; some strains are resistant to most abx

Question 50

List the two sp. of Neisseria we need to know.

Answer 50

N. gonorrheae | N. meningitidis

Question 51

Describe the micro morph of Neisseria

Answer 51

Gram neg doplococci, "kissing kidney beans"

Question 52

N. meningitidis causes:

Answer 52

Meningitis.

Question 53

Is there a vaccine for N. meningitidis?

Answer 53

Yes, does not cover all serotypes.

Question 54

N. gonorrheae is an STI that causes:

Answer 54

Purulent urethritis or cervicitis. can also cause pharyngitis and proctitis

Question 55

Describe the micro morph of Moraxella catarrhalis.

Answer 55

Diplococcus

Question 56

Where is Moraxella catarrhalis found?

Answer 56

Part of normal throat flora

Question 57

What diseases does Moraxella catarrhalis cause?

Answer 57

``` Sinusitis Otitis media Bronchitis Pneumonia Acute COPD exacerbations ```

Question 58

____________ (genus/species) is associate with pneumonia and production of a currant jelly sputum in alcoholics and the malnourished.

Answer 58

Klebsiella pneumoniae