micro - parasitology Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
protozoa causing GI infections and transmission
A
giardia lamblia, emtamoeba histolytica, cryptosporidium **all transmitted by cysts in water
GECko
2
Q
giardia lamblia dx
A
trophozoites or cysts in stool
3
Q
giardia lamblia tx
A
metronidazole
4
Q
giardisis
A
bloating, flatulence, FOUL-SMELLING FATTY DIARRHEA
5
Q
giardia lamblia associated with
A
campers/hikers
6
Q
entamoeba histolytica dx
A
serology or trophozoites (RBC in cytoplasm) or cysts (multiple nuclei) in stool
7
Q
amebiasis
A
entamoeba histolytica blood diarrhea (dysentry), liver abscess, RUQ pain
8
Q
achovy past exudate
A
liver abscess in entamoeba histolytica
9
Q
flask-shaped ulcer
A
submucosal abscess of colon rupture in entamoeba histolytica
10
Q
entamoeba histolytica tx
A
metronidazole
asx cyst passers - idoquinol
11
Q
cryptosporidium dx
A
cysts on acid-fast stain
12
Q
cryptosporidium disease
A
AIDS - severe diarrhea
non IC - mild watery diarrhea
13
Q
cyrptosporidium prevention
A
filter city water supplies
14
Q
cryptosporidium tx
A
immunocompetent (water diarrhea) - nitazoxanide
15
Q
protozoa causing CNS infections
A
TNT - toxoplasma gondii, naegleria fowleri, trypanosoma brucei
16
Q
ring-enhancing lesions on CT/MRI
A
toxoplasma gondii - brain abscess in HIV
17
Q
congenital toxoplasmosis triad
A
CHICk
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications
18
Q
toxoplasma gondii transmission
A
cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces
19
Q
why should pregnant women avoid cats
A
because toxoplasmosis gondii crosses the placenta and can be transmitted via oocysts in cat feces
20
Q
toxoplasma gondii tx
A
sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
21
Q
naegleria fowleri disease
A
rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
22
Q
naegleria fowleri transmission
A
swimming in freshwater lakes
23
Q
naegleria fowleri dx
A
amoebas in spinal fluid
24
Q
naegleria fowleri tx
A
amphotericin
25
trypanosoma brucei
african sleeping sickness - enlarged LN, recurring fever (antigenic variation), somnolence + coma
26
transmission of trypanosoma brucei
tsetse fly - painful bite
27
trypanosoma brucei dx
blood smear
28
trypanosoma brucei tx
suramin - blood borne disease
| melarsoprol - CNS penetrations
29
cause of recurring fever in trypanosoma brucei
antigenic variation
30
protozoa causing hematologic infections
PB&J - plasmodium + babesia
31
babesiosis
fever + hemolytic anemia
32
babesia location
northeastern US
33
what increases risk of severe disease in babesia infection
asplenia
34
tranmission of babebsia
ixodes tick (may coinfect w/ lyme disease since same tick)
35
maltese cross
babesia
36
babesia tx
atovaquone + azithromycin
37
malaria bug and disease
plasmodium
| fever, headache, anema, splenomegaly (FlASH)
38
plasmodium tranmission
mosquito (anopheles)
39
RBC shizont with merozoites
plasmodium
40
plasmodium vivax/ovale
48 hour cycle
| hypnozoite - dormant form in liver
41
plasmodium falciparum
severe - irregular fever
42
cerebral malaria
plasmodium falciparum
| parasitized RBC occlude cappilaries in brain (also kidneys + lungs)
43
plasmodium malariae
72 hour cycle
44
plasmodium tx
chloroquine - blocks plasmodium heme polymerase
45
resistant plasmodium tx
mefloquine
46
life-threatening plasmodium tx
IV quinidine - test for G6P deficiency
47
plasmodium vivax/ovale tx
add primaquine for hypnozoite (also test G6PD)
48
chagas disease bug
trypanosoma cruzi
49
chagas disease sx
dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus
50
chagas disease location
south america
51
reduviid bug (kissing bug)
trypanosoma cruzi
52
trypanosoma cruzi tx
nifurtimox
53
leishmania donovani
visceral leishmanaiasis - spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
54
transmission of lesihmania donovani
sandfly
55
tx leishmania donovani
sodium stibogluconate
56
leishmania donovani dx
macrophages containing amastigotes
57
trichomonas vaginalis
STD causing vaginitis - foul-smelling greenish discharge, itch + burn; sexual transmission
58
trichomonas vaginalis dx
trophozoites (motile) on wet mounth
59
trichomonas vaginalis tx
metronidazole for patient + partner
60
enterobius vermicularis
pinworm
61
enterobius vermicularis transmission
food contaminated with eggs - fecal/oral
62
enterobius vermicularis sx
anal pruritis
63
enterobius vermicularis dx
scotch tape test
64
enterobius vermicularis tx
BENDY PRURITIS
| bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
65
ascaris lumbricoides transmission
fecal-oral - can see eggs in feces
66
ascaris lumbricoides tx
bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
67
nematodes (round worms) causing intestinal infection
enteroius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides, stronglydoides stercoralis, ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus
all tx with bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate except strongyloides stercoralis
68
strongyloides stercoralis transmission
larvae in soil penetrate skin
69
strongyloides stercoralis sx
vomit, diarrhea, anemia
70
strongyloides stercoralis tx
ivermectin or albendazole
71
ancylostoma duodenale / necator americanus (hookworm) tranmission
larvae penetrate skin
72
ancylostoma duodenale / necator americanus sx
anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls
73
ancylostoma duodenale / necator americanus tx
bendaozoles or pyrantel pamoate
74
dranculus medinensis transmission
drinking water
75
dranculus medinensis sx
skin inflammation and necrosis
76
dranculus medinensis tx
slow extraction of worm
77
onchocerca volvulus transmision
female blackfly bite
78
onchocerca volvulus sx
BLACK - flies, skin nodules + sight
| hyperpigmented skin + river blindness
79
onchocerca volvulus tx
ivermectine (RIVER - IVER)
80
loa loa transmission
deer, horse or mango fly
81
loa loa sx
swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
82
loa loa tx
diethylcarbamazine
83
wuchereria bancrofti transmission
female mosquito
84
wuchereria bancrofti sx
block lymphatic vessels --> elephantiasis
85
how long does it take to become sx with wucheriria bancrofti
9 months - 1 year
86
wuchereria bancrofti tx
diethylcarbamazine
87
toxocara canis transnmission
fecal oral - food contaminated with eggs
88
toxocara canis sx
visceral larva migrans
89
toxocara canis tx
albendazole or mebendazole
90
nematodes ingested --> infection
EAT - enterobius, ascaris, trichinella
91
nematodes cutanous --> infection
SAND - strongyloides, ancylostoma, nectar
92
tapeworms - cestodes
taenia solium, diphyllobothrium latum, echinococcus granulosus
93
taenia solium transmission
ingest larvae encysted in undercooked pork
| ingest eggs
94
taenia solium dz
pork - intestinal
| eggs - cysicercosis, neurocysicercosis
95
taenia solium tx
praziquantel
96
neurocysticercosis tx
bendazoles
97
diphyllobacterium latum transmission
ingest larvae from raw freshwater fish
98
diphyllobacterium latum disease
vitamin B12 deficiency --> anemia
99
diphyllobacterium latum tx
praziquantel
100
echinococcus granulosus transmission
ingest eggs from dog geces
101
echinococcus granulosus disease
cysts in liver --> anaphylaxis if agents released (preinject with ethanol to kill cysts before removal)
102
echinococcus granulosus tx
bendazoles
103
trematodes (flukes)
schistosoma, clonorchis sinensis, paragonimus westermanni **alll treated with praziquantel!!
104
schistosoma transmission
host = snail
| cercariae penetrate skin of humans
105
schistosoma disease
liver + spleen granulomas, fribrosis + inflammation
106
what does chronic infection with schistosoma haemotobium possibly lead to
squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
107
schistosoma tx
praziquantel
108
clonorchis sinensis transmission
undercooked fish
109
clonorchis sinensis disease
biliary tract inflammation --> pigmented gallstones
110
clonorchis sinensis associated with what
cholangiocarcinoma
111
clonorchis sinensis tx
praziquantel
112
paragonimus westermani transmission
undercooked crab meat
113
paragonimus westermani disease
lung inflammation and secondary bacterial infeciton w/ hemoptysis
114
paragonimus westermani tx
praziquantel
115
brain cysts + seizures
taenia solium (cysticercosis)
116
liver cysts
echnococcus granulosus
117
vitamin B12 deficiency
diphyllobothrium latum
118
biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma
clonorchis sinensis
119
hemoptysis
paragonimus westermani
120
portal hypertension
schistosoma mansoni
121
hematuria, bladder cancer
schistosoma haematobium
122
microcytic anemia
ancylostoma, necator
123
perianal pruritis
enterobius vermicularis - pinworm
