micro test 2 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
short, filamentous protein structures
A
pili and fimbriae
2
Q
Paracrystalline surface layers (S-layers) — in archaea
A
can substitute for cell wall
3
Q
are pili or fimbriae longer
A
pili
4
Q
– are notable virulence factors
A
capsules
5
Q
two dimensional lattice of proteins
A
S later
6
Q
is the S layer a permeability layer
A
no
7
Q
cell inclusions are
A
intracellular storage
8
Q
poly beta hydroxyalkanoate inclusions store — and appear in —- environments
A
lipids, nutrient rich
9
Q
sulfur can be stored as a granule in the periplasm because it is an — inclusion
A
inorganic
10
Q
magnetotactic bacteria
A
orient towards magnetic fields
11
Q
gas vesicles are used by cells to —
A
remain buoyant in water
12
Q
GvpA is mostly in
A
beta sheets
13
Q
metabolically dormant cells
A
endospores
14
Q
in endospores, — is condensed and there is – free water
A
DNA, little
15
Q
outer layer of endospore
A
spore coat
16
Q
fitting into the majot/minor groove of DNA
A
intercalating
17
Q
— bind tightly to DNA, converting it to A form
A
SASP
18
Q
flagella that are around the entire outside of a cell
A
petritrichous
19
Q
flagella that form a tuft on the outside fo the cell
A
lopotrichous
20
Q
flagella that form in 1 or 2 spots and in opposite directions
A
polar
21
Q
energy to drive rotation of the flagellum is derived from the —
A
proton motive force
22
Q
what protein do H+ use to enter the cell and drive flagella spin
A
Mot protein
23
Q
reversible flagella can spin in — direction(s)
A
two
24
Q
unidirectional flagella change direction by
A
tumbling
25
protein subunits that make the flagellar shaft
flagellin
26
movement along a solid surface without flagella
gliding motility
27
movement towards or away from an attractant or repellant
chemotaxis
28
movement in response to a light source
phototaxis
29
movement to a place surrounding the light
scotophototaxis
30
31
cells with a periplasm are gram
negative
32
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and iron are
macronutrients
33
most abundant atom in cells
carbon
34
siderophores bind to -- outside of the cell
iron
35
insoluble Fe3+ needs to be --- to a soluble ferrous form when brought into the cell
reduced
36
aquachelin bind to --- outside of the cell
iron
37
--- media means that only one type of cell can grow
selective
38
--- media means that different things can grow, but you can tell the difference between the cells
differential
39
--- media means that you know exactly the concentrations of everything in the media
defined
40
--- the energy released from a reaction that can be used to do work
free energy
41
--- reactions have negative change in free energy between the reactants and the products of a reaction
exergonic
42
--- reactions have positive change in free energy between the reactants and the products of a reaction
endergonic
43
exergonic reactions --- energy
release
44
endergonic reactions --- energy
require
45
catabolic reactions are usually ---
exergonic
46
--- is the breakdown of something into smaller things for the cell to use
catabolism
47
--- are catalytic proteins
enzymes
48
what enzyme breaks bonds in a fructose substrate and can be reused
aldolase
49
the site on the enzyme that affects catalysis
active site
50
non-peptide enzyme associated molecule that is tightly bound as part of the enzyme complex
prosthetic group
51
non-peptide enzyme associated molecule that is loosely bound to the enzyme complex, and may associate with several different enzymes. most are derived from vitamins
coenzyme
52
the --- substance is the electron donor
oxidized
53
the --- substance is the electron acceptor
reduced
54
NAD+/NADH are ---
coenzymes
55
phosphophoenalpyruvate, glucose 6-phosphate, acetyl phosphate, and acetyl-CoA are all
energy storage
56
poly-hydroxyalkanoates and glycogen are --- energy storage in bacteria
long term
57
--- level phosphorylation is fermentative
substrate
58
--- level phosphorylation is respiratory
oxidative
59
photo-phosphorylation is used in
phototrophs
60
which form of atp synthesis requires cytoplasmic membrane participation
oxidative
61
glucose is --- to bring it into the cell
phosphorylated
62
glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase uses NAD+ as a
coenzyme
63
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate donates a high energy P to NAD+ to create 2 ATP, this is
substrate level phosphorylation
64
NAD+ is --- to form ATP and --- to form byproducts
oxidized, reduced
65
--- respiration uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor
aerobic
66
--- respiration uses a molecule other than oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor
anaerobic
67
protein or not: NADH dehydrogenase
protein
68
protein or not: flavoproteins
protein
69
protein or not: cytochromes
protein
70
protein or not: quinones
not protein
71
NADH dehydrogenases, flavoproteins, iron sulfur proteins, cytochromes, and quinones are all
electron transport carriers
72
what electron transport carrier binds to NADH and is membrane bound to the cytoplasm and donates 2e- and 2H+ to flavoproteins
NADH dehydrogenase
73
what electron transport carrier is bound to riboflavin derivatives and accepts 2e- and 2H+ from NADH dehydrogenase
flavoproteins
74
what electron transport carrier is a non-heme iron protein that contains Fe-S clustered by cysteines in protein and only carries electrons
iron sulfur proteins
75
what electron transport carrier is heme prosthetic group with an iron center and a single electron transfer
cytochromes
76
what electron transport carrier is hydrophobic, found in the membrane, accepts 2e- and 2H+, donates 2e-
quinones
77
ATP synthase has --- headpieces
3
78
what is in each of the headpieces of atp synthase
nothing, adp and pi, atp
79
inhibitors of atp synthesis block
electron transport
80
--- allow protons to pass across the membrane by making them "leaky"
uncouplers
81
what structure of the cell converts the proton motive force into atp
atp synthase
82
how many atp per glucose in oxidative phosphorylation
38
83
what part of the CAC is a precursor for amino acids
oxaloacetate
84
what part of the CAC is a precursor for phosphoenol pyruvate
oxaloacetate
85
what part of the CAC is used in fatty acid biosynthesis
acetyl-coa
86
what part of the CAC is used in porphyrin ring synthesis
succinyl-coa
87
chemolithotrophy uses something that is not organic instead of ---
glucose
88
phototrophy uses water molecules that are raised in energy using --- to donate electrons to an ETC
light
89
what is the carbon source for autotrophic organisms
CO2
90
how are photoautotrophs different from photoheterotrophs
where the carbon is coming from
91
which electron carrier is not composed of the same macromolecule as the others
quinones
92
--- reactions are the consumption of energy, have a positive change in free energy, and are used to build molecules
anabolic
93
do cells that don't get glucose in their environment need it
yes
94
what molecule does ribonucleotide reductase form
DNA
95
--- supplies glucose to growing polymers
ADPG
96
purines are made from ---
inosine
97
pyrimidines are made from ---
orotate
98
--- holds elongating fatty acids (biosynthesis)
acyl carrier protein
99
what form of nitrogen is commonly used to form the amino group of amino acids
ammonia, NH3
100
purines
adenine, guanine
101
pyrimidines
thymine, uracil, cytosine
102
the doubling of a population is called a
generation
103
the --- is a ring of FtsZ which recruits other things involved in cell divison
divisiome
104
--- precedes FtsZ ring formation
DNA replication
105
--- proteins localize the septum formation
Min
106
A, C, U, T: which might use inosine as an intermediate
adenine
107
calcium-dipicolinic acid reduces
water availability
108
what does Gvp stand for
gas vesicle protein
109
--- media: you know what is in the media but not the exact concentrations
complex
110
NAD+, NADP+, and FAD are all --- during the CAC
oxidized
111
what form is carbon released in during the CAC
CO2
112
counter clockwise flagella rotation causes
runs
113
clockwise flagella rotation causes
tumbles
