Flashcards in Micro - Virology (Herpesviruses) Deck (34):
1
Name 7 major Herpesviruses.
(1) HSV-1 (2) HSV-2 (3) VZV (4) EBV (5) CMV (6) HHV-6 (Note: HHV-7 is less common cause of same condition as HHV-6) (7) HHV-8
2
What are the 2 routes of transmission for HSV-1?
Respiratory secretions, saliva
3
What 4 diseases result from HSV-1 infection?
(1) Gingivostomatitis (2) Keratoconjuctivitis (3) Temporal lobe encephalitis (4) Herpes labialis
4
What is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in the US, and what virus causes it?
Temporal lobe encephalitis; HSV-1
5
Where are the following herpesviruses latent: (1) HSV-1 (2) HSV-2 (3) VZV (4) EBV?
(1) Trigeminal ganglia (2) Sacral ganglia (3) Dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia (4) B cells
6
What 2 diseases result form HSV-2 infection?
(1) Herpes genitalis (2) Neonatal herpes
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What 3 diseases result from VZV infection?
(1) Varicella-zoster (chickenpox, shingles) (2) Encephalitis (3) Pneumonia
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Where is latent HSV-1 found?
Latent in trigeminal ganglia
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Where is latent HSV-2 found?
Latent in sacral ganglia
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Where is latent VZV found?
Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia
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What are the 2 routes of transmission for HSV-2?
Sexual contact, perinatal
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What is the route of transmission for VZV?
Respiratory secretions
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What are the 2 routes of transmission for EBV?
Respiratory secretions, saliva
14
What infectious disease is caused by EBV? What 4 symptoms characterize it?
Mononucleosis. Characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (especially posterior cervical nodes).
15
How is EBV transmitted? What is another name for this infection, and why?
Transmitted by respiratory secretions and saliva; also called "kissing disease" since commonly seen in teens, young adults.
16
What 2 herpesviruses share the same 2 routes of transmission? What are those 2 routes of transmission?
(1) HSV-1 (2) EBV; Respiratory secretions, saliva
17
What are the 6 routes of transmission for CMV?
(1) Congenital (2) Transfusion (3) Sexual contact (4) Saliva (5) Urine (6) Transplant
18
What 4 diseases result from CMV?
(1) Congenital infection (2) Mononucleosis (negative Monospot) (3) Pneumonia (4) Retinitis
19
What is the characteristic histologic finding associated with CMV infection?
Infected cells have characteristic "owl's eye" inclusions
20
Where is latent CMV found?
Latent in mononuclear cells
21
What is characteristic of mononucleosis due to CMV infection?
Negative Monospot (unlike EBV, which is positive Monospot)
22
What is the route of transmission for HHV-6?
Transmitted by saliva
23
What is the route of transmission for HHV-8?
Sexual contact
24
What disease does HHV-6 cause? How does it present?
Roseola: high fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash
25
What disease does HHV-8 cause, and in what patient population is it seen?
Kaposi's sarcoma, a neoplasm of endothelial cells. Seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients.
26
What is the test of choice for identification of HSV in the following contexts: (1) Skin/genitalia (2) Herpes encephalitis?
(1) Viral culture for skin/genitalia. (2) CSF PCR for herpes encephalitis.
27
What sample is taken for a Tzanck test? What does it detect? What virus is it used to identify?
A smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells; HSV Identification; Think: "Tzanck heavens I do not have herpes"
28
Again what finding does the Tzank test detect, and in what conditions is this finding seen? What is another finding seen in these conditions but not detected by Tzanck test?
Tzanck test - a smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells, HSV identification; Infected cells also have intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions
29
Aside from mononucleosis, with what other diseases/conditions is EBV associated?
Also associated with development of Hodgkin's and endemic Burkitt's lymphomas as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma
30
What is the most common complication of shingles?
Most common complication of shingles is post-herpetic neuralgia
31
What cell type does EBV infect? Along those lines, what are the cell findings of EBV infection on peripheral blood smear?
Infects B cells. Atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are not infected B cells but rather reactive cytotoxic T cells
32
What kind of test is used for EBV infection? More specifically, what is detected by this test, and how?
Positive Monospot test; Heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCS.
33
Besides mononucleosis, what are 3 other conditions associated with EBV infection?
Associated with (1) Hodgkin lymphoma, (2) Endemic Burkitt lymphoma, (3) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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