Microbe-Antimicrobial

Question 1

Staphylococcus aureus toxin-mediated

Answer 1

Remove foreign bodies
Drainage of purulent collections
Fluid replacement
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Question 2

Staphylococcus aureus infections

Answer 2

MSSA: penicillinase-resistant penicillins
MRSA: Vancomycin

Question 3

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Answer 3

Vancomycin (most strains resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins)

Question 4

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Answer 4

TMP-SMX

Question 5

Streptococcus pyogenes infections

Answer 5

Penicillin G

Question 6

Streptococcus pyogenes toxin-mediated

Answer 6

Penicillin G
Clindamycin added in TSS to prevent Scarlet fever
Surgery/debridement for necrotizing fasciitis

Question 7

Streptococcus pyogenes immune mediated

Answer 7

Prophylaxis: penicillin for patients h/o Rheumatic fever

Question 8

Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 8

Penicillin G

Prophylaxis: Ampicillin to pregnant women

Question 9

Enterococcus faecalis

Answer 9

Ampicillin or vancomycin + aminoglycosides

VRE: linezolid, daptomycin

Question 10

Streptococcus bovis

Answer 10

Penicillin

Question 11

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 11

Penicillin or cephalosporins
Vancomycin for meningitis
Pneumovax

Question 12

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus intermedius

Answer 12

Penicillin G

Question 13

Bacillus cereus

Answer 13

Rehydration, good food handling and storage (no reheating fried rice)

Question 14

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 14

Parenteral penicillin G

Anti-PA vaccine

Question 15

Clostridium tetani

Answer 15

Prophylaxis: DTaP
Treatment: clean wound, antitoxin (Ig), DTaP booster, penicillin/metronidazole, diazepam

Question 16

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 16

Antitoxin, respiratory support

Question 17

Clostridium difficile

Answer 17

Oral metronidazole
Oral vancomycin
Withdraw causative abx (usually clindamycin)

Question 18

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 18

Surgical removal of infected area
Hyperbaric oxygen => kill anaerobic organism
Penicillin, clindamycin (only local, weak infections)

Question 19

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 19

Ampicillin +/- gentamycin

TMP-SMX

Question 20

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 20

Prophylaxis: DTaP
Treatment: antitoxin, penicillin or erythromycin for local colonization, DTaP booster

Question 21

Actinomyces israelii

Answer 21

Penicillin G

Surgical drainage of abscess

Question 22

Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis

Answer 22

TMP-SMX

Surgical drainage of abscess

Question 23

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 23

Penicillin G, ceftriaxone

Rifampin for close contacts as prophylaxis

Question 24

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 24

Ceftriaxone (+doxycycline for probable concurrent Chlamydia infection)
Prophylactic erythromycin eyedrops for neonates

Question 25

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer 25

Amoxicillin-clavulanate 2nd/3rd generation cephalosporins TMP-SMX

Question 26

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 26

Third-generation cephalosporins

Question 27

Escherichia coli

Answer 27

Rehydration TMP-SMX Penicillin (UTI) Third-generation cephalosporin (meningitis, sepsis)

Question 28

Salmonella typhi

Answer 28

Ceftriaxone Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin for carriers Cholecystectomy may be necessary for carriers Vaccine

Question 29

Salmonella enteritidis

Answer 29

Fluid and electrolytes

Question 30

Shigella dysenteriae

Answer 30

Oral rehydration for mild cases | Fluoroquinolones for severe cases

Question 31

Proteus mirabilis

Answer 31

TMP-SMX | Ampicillin

Question 32

Vibrio cholerae

Answer 32

Oral/IV rehydration Tetracycline Vaccines (not very effective)

Question 33

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 33

``` anti-pseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside (piperacillin + gentamicin) (piperacillin + tazobactam) (mezlocillin + gentamicin) Fluoroquinolones ```

Question 34

Yersinia enterocolitica

Answer 34

Self-limiting | Gentamicin or chloramphenicol for septicemia

Question 35

Yersinia pestis

Answer 35

Streptomycin, tetracycline | Vaccine

Question 36

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 36

PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin | PPI + bismuth + metronidazole + tetracycline

Question 37

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 37

Erythromycin | Ciprofloxacin

Question 38

Bacteroides fragilis

Answer 38

Drain abscess Repair lesions Metronidazole Clindamycin

Question 39

Haemophilus influenzae type B

Answer 39

Ceftriaxone Hib vaccine Rifampin prophylaxis for contacts

Question 40

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 40

Erythromycin

Question 41

Bordetella pertussis

Answer 41

DTaP | Erythromycin (only before paroxysmal phase)

Question 42

Brucella species

Answer 42

Doxycycline + gentamicin

Question 43

Francisella tularensis

Answer 43

Streptomycin

Question 44

Pasteurella multocida

Answer 44

Penicillin G | Clean and drain wound

Question 45

Bartonella henselae

Answer 45

Azithromycin | Doxycycline

Question 46

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 46

RIPES = rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin Prophylaxis (PPD+) = isoniazid BCG

Question 47

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 47

Dapsone + rifampin + clofazimine

Question 48

Treponema pallidum

Answer 48

Penicillin G

Question 49

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 49

Doxycycline or amoxicillin for stage 1 | Ceftriaxone later stages

Question 50

Borrelia recurrentis

Answer 50

Penicillin | Tetracycline

Question 51

Leptospira interrogans

Answer 51

Penicillin G | Prophylaxis: doxycycline

Question 52

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 52

Erythromycin | Tetracycline

Question 53

Chlamydia psittaci

Answer 53

Doxycycline

Question 54

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 54

Azithromycin Doxycycline + ceftriaxone (for gonorrhea) Oral erythromycin for neonates

Question 55

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Answer 55

Doxycycline

Question 56

Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 56

Doxycycline | Chloramphenicol

Question 57

Rickettsia prowazekii

Answer 57

Tetracycline | Chloramphenicol

Question 58

Coxiella burnetii

Answer 58

Tetracycline