Microbes

Question 1

Micro-organisms (microbes

Answer 1

a bacterium causing disease or fermentation.

Question 2

Microscope

Answer 2

an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells

Question 3

Microbiologist

Answer 3

an expert in or student of microbiology.

Question 4

International System of units.

Answer 4

The International System of Units is the modern form of the metric system. It is the only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world.

Question 5

SI unit

Answer 5

There are seven basic units in the SI system: the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), the second (s), the kelvin (K), the ampere (A), the mole (mol), and the candela (cd).

Question 6

SI prefix

Answer 6

series of prefixes to units in the International System of Units, or SI. These can denote very small or very large amounts.

Question 7

1) metre
2) Millimetre
3) micrometre
4) nanometre

Answer 7

1) base SI unit
2)one thousandth of a metre
3)one millionth of a metre
4 ) one thousand-millionth of a metre

Question 8

Viruses

Answer 8

an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.

Question 9

Bacteria

Answer 9

a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.

Question 10

Protista

Answer 10

a kingdom or large grouping that comprises mostly single-celled organisms such as the protozoa, simple algae and fungi, slime moulds, and (formerly) the bacteria

Question 11

Fungi

Answer 11

any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

Question 12

1) Prokaryotes

2) eukaryotes

Answer 12

1) microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
2) an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaea.

Question 13

Unicellular and multicellular

Answer 13

A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.

Question 14

Genetic material

Answer 14

DNA is the hereditary material found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells (animal and plant) and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells (bacteria) that determines the composition of the organism.

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic organisms.

Question 16

Membrane-bound

Answer 16

Membrane-bound organelles are a characteristic of eukaryotic cells. They are micrometer large, easily identifiable by microscopy and they can usually be isolated and/or purified by cell fractionation.

Question 17

Organelles

Answer 17

An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.

Question 18

Mitochondrion

Answer 18

The mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria.

Question 19

Chloroplasts

Answer 19

Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis in plants.

Question 20

Binary fission

Answer 20

Binary fission, asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.

Question 21

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 21

A phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics

Question 22

Tree of life

Answer 22

The tree of life is a fundamental widespread mytheme or archetype in many of the world’s mythologies, religious and philosophical traditions, it’s often said to be a sacred tree.

Question 23

Kingdoms

Answer 23

kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla

Question 24

Common ancestor

Answer 24

An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common.

Question 25

Evolve

Answer 25

develop gradually./ in science evolve means give off (gas /heat)

Question 26

Acellular

Answer 26

Acellular: Not made up of cells or divided into cells. Or lacking intact cells as, for example, an acellular vaccine which may contain cellular material but not complete cells.

Question 27

Denitrification

Answer 27

Denitrification is a microbially facilitated process where nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products.

Question 28

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 28

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that are capable of transforming nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into “fixed nitrogen” compounds, such as ammonia, that are usable by plants.

Question 29

Decomposers

Answer 29

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms

Question 30

Autotrophs

Answer 30

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food, using materials from inorganic sources.

Question 31

Parasitism

Answer 31

Relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

Question 32

Mutualism

Answer 32

A relationship between two organisms of different species which both species benefit from the association

Question 33

Commensalism

Answer 33

In this relationship one partner benefits but the other partner neither benefits nor is harmed .