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Science YR 11 > Microbes > Flashcards

Microbes Flashcards

1
Q

_____ are chemicals produced by microorganisms to kill of prevent the growth of other micro organisms

A

Antibiotics

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2
Q

Antibiotic Resistance

A

develops through random genetic mutation of bacteria

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3
Q

is the resistance bacteria that survives the antibiotics, then rapidly multiply and path the resistance gene

A

Natural selection

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4
Q

_____ is another name for anaerobic respiration of glucose and production of ethanol- alcohol

A

Fermentation

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5
Q

____ is when the DNA copies itself the bacteria/cell/cell membrane/cytoplasm pinches together, two bacteria form – this is called…

A

Binary fission

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6
Q

_____ are small, tough coated reproductive cells; means of dispersal for fungi

A

Spores

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7
Q

_____ is the swellings at the tips of fungal hyphae that contain / make spores

A

Sporangium

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8
Q

____ is the name for the fungal ‘threads” used for feeding / growth / spreading / anchoring / water absorption

A

Hyphae

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9
Q

____ makes CO2 or alcohol (ethanol) when they carry out feeding or respiration or excretion or fermentation

A

Yeast

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10
Q

_____ gas produced by yeast makes the dough rise/beer fizz/wine bubble

A

Carbon Dioxide

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11
Q

____ is produced by yeast, makes the beer or wine alcoholic

A

Ethanol

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12
Q

Outer Protein coat of viruses

A

protein coat / caspid

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13
Q

type of microbes that need a host/living cell to reproduce/replicate

A

viruses

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14
Q

you can suffer over and over from the common cold or flu because…

A

viruses mutate/change form / structure / coat / genetic material

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15
Q

part of the virus that is recognised by the immune system is the

A

proteins/antigens

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16
Q

nutrient agar jelly is not a living medium and so it can’t be used to grow…

A

Viruses

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17
Q

disease‐causing organism /microorganism

A

Pathogen

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18
Q

Useful Products like Yoghurt, Cheese, Compost, made by

A

Bacteria

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19
Q

Useful Products mushrooms, cheese, yeast, bread, wine, beer, and antibiotics made by

A

Fungi

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20
Q

Useful Process sewage digestion, recycling C & N, aid to our digestive system, decomposing carried out by

A

Bacteria

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21
Q

Useful Process to kill pests / rabbits, gene therapy, vectors carried out by

A

Viruses

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22
Q

chemicals that kill / eliminate / destroy / inhibit growth of microorganisms/ bacteria in places like floors and toilets

A

Disinfectants

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23
Q

overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics may lead to

A

antibiotic resistance

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24
Q

a cold, cough or the flu, are all viral and don’t respond to

A

antibiotics

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25
Q

food‐producing animals are given antibiotic drugs that can cause microbes to become _________ to drugs
used to treat human illness

A

Resistant

26
Q

antibiotic _______ can passed on to subsequent generations, so the antibiotic will no longer work

A

resistance

27
Q

by finishing a course of antibiotics more bacteria will be _____

A

killed

28
Q

___ can occur in bacterial populations which may lead to antibiotic resistance, and may allow them to survive

A

variation / mutations

29
Q

____ can only reproduce inside a host cell because they have no chemical processes of their own. (Eg raw
materials, energy and enzymes are supplied by host cell)

A

viruses

30
Q

_____ can feed / grow / reproduce / perform life functions on bread

A

Fungi

31
Q

A _____ stimulates the immune system / defenses / causes the body to produce antibodies

A

vaccine / infection

32
Q

the body produces _____________ antibodies to fight a particular infection

A

specific

33
Q

a mutation / new strain of virus is not recognized by the body’s immune system. Therefore an individual is still likely to catch (a slightly different form of) the same….

A

disease

34
Q

a vaccine only works if the viral strain is the _____ as the immunity that has been built up

A

same

35
Q

Staphylococcus (boils & pimples), Streptococcus (sore throats), Salmonella, Treponema (syphilis) are all diseases caused by

A

bacteria

36
Q

____ feeds on dead organic matter (and animal waste)

A

saprophyte / saprophytic fungi and/or bacteria

37
Q

____ feeds on living organic matter / material / host

A

parasite / parasitic fungi

and/or bacteria

38
Q

exponential growth of bacteria cannot continue indefinitely due to limiting factors such as ____

A

lack of space, nutrients, maybe O2 (if aerobic)

39
Q

exponential growth of bacteria cannot continue indefinitely as they become poisoned by their own

A

excretion / excretory products

40
Q

feeding / secretion of enzymes / extracellular digestion / securing fungus to substrate / absorb water and/or nutrients and/or food is done by fungal ______

A

hyphae

41
Q

Another name for the fermentation (of glucose) AND production of ethanol / alcohol AND CO2 is ____

A

anaerobic respiration

42
Q

Without ____ , nutrients would not be available / would run out / be all locked up in dead animals and plants, and animal waste

A

decomposition / decomposers / saprophytes

43
Q

large numbers produced quickly / inability to identify as in the host cell / destruction of host cell – are reasons why a _____ can make us sick

A

virus

44
Q

DNA / RNA alters frequently / virus mutates quickly requiring new antibody so we don’t become immune to the common _____

A

cold (also flu)

45
Q

THREE conditions required for bacteria to reproduce

A

3 from: Warmth, moisture, food source, space.

46
Q

bacteria reproduce on food if conditions allow growth. The bacteria release _____ into the food which can be a poison to humans making them sick.

A

toxins

47
Q

Life process: yoghurt / cheese is produced by the process of _______ of bacteria, which is added to milk

A

fermentation / respiration

48
Q

Life process: bread / wine is produced by the process of ______ of sugars by yeast

A

fermentation / anaerobic respiration

49
Q

Life process: bacteria _______ and release carbon dioxide. Carbon Dioxide makes holes in the cheese.

A

respire

50
Q

Life process: bacteria ______ chemicals / wastes, which add flavour to the cheese & lactic acid causes milk to curdle.

A

excrete

51
Q

sugar → alcohol +carbon dioxide

A

anaerobic
respiration /
fermentation

52
Q

fungi secrete enzymes through walls of their

hyphae, which break down the food into nutrients the digested nutrients are then absorbed. This is __ __

A

extracellular digestion

53
Q

microbes that break down dead material / recycle nutrients

A

saprophytes /
saprophytic fungi /
saprophytic bacteria /
decomposers

54
Q

lactic acid (lowers the pH of the milk) allowing the milk (proteins) to curdle/ precipitate solid curds to make ______

A

yoghurt / cheese

55
Q

Carbon Cycle: Microbe respiration releases carbon dioxide necessary for _____

A

photosynthesis

56
Q

a _____ is a dead or weakened form of microbe that induces the person’s body to make antibodies in advance, so it will respond quickly and kill that microbe if it infects the body

A

vaccine

57
Q

Life Process: Some bacteria cause illness. bacteria ______ toxins / substances / chemicals which cause illness

A

excrete

58
Q 
Life Process: viruses usually cause illnesses because
they\_\_\_\_\_\_ inside (living) body cells and kill them
A

reproduce

59
Q

Life Process viruses _____ in a living cell, and they can make many hundreds of viruses inside each cell before it dies; this causes many more cells to die and organs to malfunction which leads to illness.

A

reproduce

60
Q

Life Process:Bacterial ______ doesn’t destroy living cells, but instead increases the number of bacteria so that the amount of toxin they _____ increases

A

reproduction, excrete

61
Q

A _____ feeds on / eats / gains nutrients from living material / living things / living cells / living tissues / organisms

A

parasitic

62
Q

Life Process: Viruses ________ inside living body cells causing the cells to die so organs malfunction.

A

reproduce

Science YR 11 (1 decks)

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