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Microbiology II > Microbial diseases > Flashcards

Microbial diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Define Small pox

A

A viral infection caused by variola virus. A family of orthopoxviruses.

Transmission is through direct contact of infected human or object and inhaling of droplets.

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2
Q

Define Chicken pox

A

A viral infection Varicella-Zoster Virus. Remain latent in dorsal root ganglia.

Transmission is through direct contact of infected human or object and inhaling of droplets.

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3
Q

Define monkey pox

A

A viral infection caused by monkeypox virus in the family of orthopoxviruses.

Transmission is through direct contact of infected human or object and inhaling of droplets.

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4
Q

How would u get warts and who is the culprit behind warts?

A

through direct contact and caused by Papillomavirus

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5
Q

Define Herpes simplex

A

A viral infection that is caused by either herpesvirus 1 and 2.

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6
Q

What is HSV 1?

A

An oral viral infection that can remain latent in trigeminal nerve ganglia.

note: trigeminal nerve is the nerves responsible for the face sensation.

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7
Q

What is HSV 2?

A

A genital viral infection that can remain latent in the sacral nerve ganglia.

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8
Q

Manifest in a reddish rash that starts on the face and to below. Related to Congenital rubella syndrome.

A

Rubella (togaviridae)

RNA: single-stranded postitive
> CORONA
> TOGA
>FLAVI

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9
Q

Has a similar symptoms of mild influenza but distinct for it slappy-cheek facial rash.

A

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth’s disease)

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10
Q

What is cutaneous mycoses?

A

Cutaneous mycoses is a fungal infect that infects living tissues that could be invaded just outside the body.

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11
Q

There are three division in dermatophytes: Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Define.

A

Microsporum - infects the hair and skin
Trichophyton - hair, skin, nails
Epidermophyton - skin and nails

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12
Q

Sporothrichosis is the most common fungal disease in US. What is its causative agent and treatment that could be used?

A

Sporothrix schenkii. Systemic traizoles.

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13
Q

Candidiasis a.k.a Monalliasis could be cultivated by?

A

deficiency of indigenous microbiota caused by antibiotics.

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14
Q

Define scabies

A

A helminthic infection caused by sarcoptes scabiei. the parasite burrows egg in the skin and causes intense itching. It can live of about 25 days at the same time the egg hatch. Could be passed by sexual contact.

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15
Q

What is pediculosis?

A

A lice infection caused by a parasite, pediculus capitis and pediculus corporis.

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16
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

A bacterial infection caused by Haemophilus Influenza. commonly coined as Red eye.

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17
Q

What is Ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

A bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhea. Transmittable to new born babies through passage of the infected birth canal.

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18
Q

The most leading cause of blindness in the world is?

A

Trachoma by Chlamydia Trachomatis.

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19
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis

A

A protozoal infection that has high incidence in water. Associated to unsanitary contact lens.

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20
Q

Keratitis

A

inflammation in the cornea that is caused by herpes virus

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21
Q

Define Central Nervous system and Peripheral Nervous system.

A

Central nervous system is an impulse coming directly from the brain and the spinal chord.

Peripheral nervous system is mediators of impulse from different body areas.

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22
Q

A neurological bacterial infection that has 6 serotypes in which B is not cared for by the vaccine. and, has a mortality rate of 80% without the vaccine.

A

Neisseria meningitidis meningitis

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23
Q

what has to happen first before virus can cause viral infection?

A

the virus has to infect a host cell then destroy through lysis and budding.

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24
Q

also known as tinea/ringworm infection.

A

cutaneous mycoses

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25
Q

also known as generalized and deep-seared mycoses.

A

systemic mycoses

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26
Q

it refers to the number of parasite present.

A

worm burden

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27
Q

inflammation of sebaceous gland.

A

Sty/Stye

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28
Q

inflammation of the skin.

A

Dermatitis

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29
Q

Inflammation of the hair follicle.

A

Folliculitis

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30
Q

A pus-filled surface lesion

A

Pustule

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31
Q

small-fluid sac found in CHICKEN POX AND SHINGLES.

A

Vesicle

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32
Q

a lesion that is firm and raised

A

Papule

33
Q

Causes erysipelas and impetigo

A

Streptococcus pyrogenes

34
Q

Inflammatory acne is a?

A

moderate severity acne

35
Q

Comedonal acne is a?

A

mild severity acne

36
Q

what is the cure for Nodular cystic acne?

A

Isotretinoin teratogenic

37
Q

What is the cause of Warts?

A

Papilloma virus (direct contact)

38
Q

What is the treatment for chicken pox and Herpes simplex?

A

Acyclovir

39
Q

Rubella causes? *German shepherd.

A

German measles

40
Q

Rubeola causes?

A

Measles

41
Q

Hand-foot-and-Mouth-Disease causes by several ______ and common occurs among children in day care.

A

enterovirus

42
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae has…
> virulence factor
> vaccine
> mortality rate

A

> capsule antigen type b
Hib
6%

43
Q

pneumococcal pneumonia is prevented by what vaccine?

A

conjugated vaccine

44
Q

cause of death from Tetanus? (spasm)

A

spasm in respiratory muscles

45
Q

cause of death from botulism? (relaxation)

A

respiratory or cardiac failure

note: can be get from ingesting botulinal exotoxin (ex. canned food)

46
Q

what mortality rate does type A toxin botulism has?

A

60-70%

47
Q

Hansen’s disease has 12 days generation time and requires prolonged contact before getting infected. treatment?

A

DAPSONE, RIFAMPICIN, CLOFLAZIMINE (6-24 MONTHS)

48
Q

In poliomyelitis you would observe _____ in culture.

A

cytopathic effect

49
Q

Average incubation of rabies?

A

30-50 days (lyssavirus, single stranded RNA)

50
Q

Arboviral encephalitis: carried by culex mosquito

A

St. louis encephalitis and West Nile virus

51
Q

Arboviral encephalitis: carried by Aedes mosquito

A

California encephalitis and Zika virus (flavivirdiae)

52
Q

Associated to microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

Zika virus

53
Q

Pigeon droppings

A

Cryptococcus (systemic mycoses)

54
Q

African Trypanosomiasis vector(alters antigen location)?

gambiense: human reservoirs only
rhodesiense: domestic and wild animals

A

Tsetse fly

55
Q

what causes Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)?

A

PAM - Naegleria fowleri
GAE- Acanthamoeba

56
Q

Acute illness due to presence of pathogens in the blood?

A

Septicemia

57
Q

The causative agent of Puerperal sepsis(aka childbirth fever and Rheumatic fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

58
Q

Clostridium perfringens: characterized as the death of the tissue

A

Necrosis

59
Q

Clostridium perfringens: characterized as the death of the soft tissue

A

Gangrene

60
Q

Clostridium perfringens: characterized as the loss of blood supply in the tissue

A

Ischemia

61
Q

Buboes, intense swelling of lymph tissue is associated to?

A

Yersinia Pestis (plague)

62
Q

Causes rose-colored skin spots

A

Borrelia reccurrentis

63
Q

which is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis.

choices:
Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis.
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis

A

Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis

64
Q

Rickettsia: transmitted by rat flea (murine typhus)

note: <5% mortality rate

A

Rickettsia typhi

65
Q

Rickettsia: transmitted by pediculus humanus corporis (Brill-zinsser disease)

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

66
Q

Rickettsia: transmitted by mite (Rickettsial pox)

A

Rickettsia akari

67
Q

Forms “owl’s eyes inclusion.
cytomega…

A

Cytomegalovirus

68
Q

What are the two vectors of Chikungunya fever?

A

Aedes and Asian Tiger mosquito

69
Q

What are the vector of yellow fever and Dengue?

A

A. aegypti

70
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi causes?

A

Chaga’s disease (asc. megaesophagus and megacolon)

71
Q

caused by Toxoplasma gondii that came from cats.

A

Toxoplasmosis

72
Q

Malaria’s vector is?

A

Anopheles mosquito

73
Q

Benign tertian malaria

A

Plasmodium vivax

74
Q

Quartian malaria

A

Plasmodium malariae

75
Q

What does Schistosoma(small flukes) causes?

A

Schistosomiasis

76
Q

transmitted through female sandflies

A

Leishmaniasis

77
Q

Scarlet fever, Diphteria, and otitis media.

is it bacterial infection in the lower or upper respiratory system?

A

upper

78
Q

Whooping cough and tubercolosis.

is it bacterial infection in the upper or lower respiratory system?

A

Lower

Microbiology II (3 decks)

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