Microbial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Question 1

what are the symptoms of penumococcal pneumonia?

Answer 1

• short, rapid breathing
• rust colored sputum

Question 2

what pathogen causes pneumococcal pneumonia?

Answer 2

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 3

how is pneumococcal pneumonia transmitted?

Answer 3

inhalation of bacteria

Question 4

what are the symptoms of primary atypical pneumonia?

Answer 4

• fever
• excessive sweating

Question 5

what pathogen causes primary atypical pneumonia?

Answer 5

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 6

how is primary atypical pneumonia transmitted?

Answer 6

nasal secretions

Question 7

what are the symptoms of klebsiella pneumonia?

Answer 7

thick, bloody sputum

Question 8

what pathogen causes klebsiella pneumonia?

Answer 8

klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 9

what are the symptoms of Pneumonia Chlamydophila Psittaci?

Answer 9

• flu like
• severe pneumonia

Question 10

what can Pneumonia Chlamydophila Psittaci cause?

Answer 10

ornithosis

Question 11

how is Pneumonia Chlamydophila Psittaci transmitted?

Answer 11

inhaling bacteria in bird droppings

Question 12

what are the symptoms of legionnaire’s disease?

Answer 12

• typical pneumonia symptoms
• complications in GI, CNS, liver and kidneys

Question 13

what pathogen causes legionnaire’s disease?

Answer 13

legionella pneumophila—> kills human lung cells

Question 14

what are the symptoms of tuberculosis?

Answer 14

• minor cough
• minor fever
• wheezing
• coughing up blood

Question 15

how do you treat tuberculosis?

Answer 15

INH (isoniazid) + Rifampin + Ethambutol or streptomycin

Question 16

how do you prevent tuberculosis?

Answer 16

BCG vaccine

Question 17

what is primary TB?

Answer 17

hard nodules form in lungs

Question 18

what is secondary TB?

Answer 18

tubercule ruptures and begins an active infection

Question 19

what is disseminated TB?

Answer 19

macrophages carry pathogen all over the body

Question 20

what is the mortality rate of TB?

Answer 20

55% mortality rate in untreated patients

Question 21

what is TB the leading killer of?

Answer 21

leading killer of HIV+ individuals

Question 22

where is TB a pandemic in?

Answer 22

pandemic in Asia/Africa

Question 23

how is pertussis transmitted?

Answer 23

airborne droplets

Question 24

what is the prevention for pertussis?

Answer 24

DTaP vaccine

Question 25

what are the symptoms of inhalational anthrax?

Answer 25

Progresses to severe coughing, nausea, lethargy, fainting, shock, and death

Question 26

how is anthrax transmitted?

Answer 26

Acquired by contact or inhalation of endospores

Question 27

what is the virulence factors for the flu?

Answer 27

hemagglutinin, neuramidase

Question 28

how is influenza transmitted?

Answer 28

- inhalation - self inoculation

Question 29

what is antigenic drift?

Answer 29

- gene mutation - occurs every two years

Question 30

what is antigenic shift?

Answer 30

- reassortment of genes - occurs every 10 years

Question 31

what are the symptoms of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection?

Answer 31

- some children develop tracheobronchitis - leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia

Question 32

what pathogen causes Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection?

Answer 32

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 33

how is Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection transmitted?

Answer 33

- close contact with infected persons - survives 5 hours in the environment - survives 2 hours on skin and facial tissue

Question 34

what are the symptoms of Hentavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

Answer 34

- muscle aches - after 4-10 it can progress to cough, shock and labored breathing

Question 35

how is Hentavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) transmitted?

Answer 35

from mice

Question 36

what are the symptoms of Coccidiodomycosis?

Answer 36

- resemble pneumonia and tuberculosis - can be systemic in immunocompromised individuals - fatal if spread to brain and spinal cord

Question 37

how is Coccidiodomycosis transmitted?

Answer 37

inhalation of conidospores from soil

Question 38

what is Coccidiodomycosis known as and where is it found?-

Answer 38

- known as valley fever - found in southwest US and northern mexico

Question 39

what are the symptoms of blastomycosis?

Answer 39

- flu like - lesions on face and upper body (60-70% of all cases)

Question 40

how is blastomycosis transmitted?

Answer 40

inhalation of dust with fungal spores

Question 41

how is blastomycosis treated?

Answer 41

- amphoterecin (10 weeks) - itraconazole (3-6 months)

Question 42

what are the symptoms of histoplasmosis?

Answer 42

- asymptomatic in most cases - symptomatic infections cause thick, bloody sputum or skin lesions

Question 43

how is histoplasmosis transmitted?

Answer 43

humans inhale airborne spores from the soil

Question 44

what are the symptoms of Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)?

Answer 44

- anemia - hypoxia - untreated destroys lung tissue

Question 45

how is Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) transmitted?

Answer 45

inhalation of droplets containing the fungus

Question 46

where is Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) common among?

Answer 46

AIDS patients