Microbial: Ecology

Question 1

______ focused on how microorganisms or microbial populations assemble to form communities and how these communities interact with each other and their environments

Answer 1

microbial ecology

Question 2

what are the major components of microbial ecology

Answer 2

• biodiversity
• microbial activity

Question 3

microbial ecology (in human health science) is the ______ of microbes to other microbes on or within the human system and the environment where they live

Answer 3

• interrelationship

Question 4

what do you call the relationship where the organism lives together or close association of two dissimilar organisms (usually two different species)

Answer 4

symbiosis/ symbiotic relationship

Question 5

what is the name of the organisms that live together in such a relationship

Answer 5

Symbionts

Question 6

neither symbiont is affected by the relationship

Answer 6

Neutralism

Question 7

beneficial to one symbiont and of no consequence (i.e., is neither beneficial nor harmful) to the other

Answer 7

Commensalism -

Question 8

beneficial to both symbionts (i.e., the relationship is mutually beneficial)

Answer 8

Mutualism-

Question 9

beneficial to one symbiont (the parasite) and detrimental to the other symbiont (the host)

Answer 9

Parasitism-

Question 10

• harmful to one symbiont and of no consequence (i.e., is neither beneficial nor harmful) to the other

Answer 10

Amensalism

Question 11

what to you call the organism that destroys natural beauty of skin

Answer 11

demodex mite

Question 12

type of demodex that can be found in hair follicles and in sebaceous glands

Answer 12

• demodex folliculorum
• demodex brevis

Question 13

what do you call the microorganisms living in a specific environment, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Answer 13

microbiota

Question 14

in the human body: ___________ or __________ (“normal flora”) includes all the microorganisms that live on or within a person

Answer 14

• indigenous microbiota
• indigenous microflora

Question 15

__________ refers to the identity of all microorganisms (who they are), while ___________ refers to the collection of genomes (what they do) from all microorganisms living in a specific environment

Answer 15

• microbiota
• microbiome

Question 16

A _____ has no indigenous microflora!

Newborn exposed to many microorganisms _____ and _____ delivery

Answer 16

• fetus
• during, after

Question 17

what body organs that are sterile or normally free of microorganisms

Answer 17

blood
lymph
spinal fluid
internal tissues and organs

Question 18

take up temporary residence on and within humans

Answer 18

Transient microflora –

Question 19

what areas of the body where most of the indigenous microflora reside

Answer 19

• ears and eyes
• mouth
• upper respi tract
• skin
• GIT
• genitourinary tract

Question 20

Microbes vs. Microbes.

Many indigenous microbiota members serve a beneficial role by preventing other microbes from becoming established in or colonizing a particular anatomic location.

Answer 20

Microbial Antagonism.

Question 21

Popularly known as opportunists, indigenous microbiota waits for the opportunity to cause infections

Answer 21

Opportunistic Pathogens.

Question 22

Several microorganisms can reestablish and stabilize the microbial balance when the body system is experiencing severe infections.

Answer 22

Biotherapeutic Agents.

Question 23

what nutrients are obtained from secretions of certain intestinal bacteria

Answer 23

• Vit. K,
• panthotenic acid
• pyridoxine
• biotin

Question 24

______ provide a constant source of irritants & antigens to stimulate the immune system

Answer 24

Indigenous microflora

Question 25

a mutualistic relationship in which two organisms work together to produce a result that neither could accomplish alone

Answer 25

synergism –

Question 26

– diseases resulting from a synergistic relationship

Answer 26

synergistic infections/mixed infections

Question 27

What microbiota is commonly found in the skin

Answer 27

• candida
• clostridium
• diphtherioids
• lactobacillus
• micrococcus
• staphylococcus

Question 28

What microbiota is less commonly present in the skin

Answer 28

• Bacteroides spp.
• Streptococcus spp.

Question 29

Microbiota that is absent in the skin

Answer 29

Anaerobic Gram-negative cocci
Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci
Enterobacteriaceae®
Enterococcus spp.
Fusobacterium spp.
Haemophilus spp.
Micrococcus spp.
Neisseria meningitidis

Question 30

Microbiota commonly found in mouth

Answer 30

Anaerobic Gram-negative cocci
Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci
Bacteroides spp.