Microbial: Physiology & Genetics

Question 1

Bacteria is ________ to maintainin the lab

Answer 1

inexpensive

Question 2

Bacteria is used mostly in laboratory since it reproduce _______

Answer 2

quickly

Question 3

Bacteria takes up _____ space

Answer 3

little

Question 4

bacteria has ______observable _______, ________ needs, and ________ reactions.

Answer 4

easily
morphology
nutritional
metabolic

Question 5

Bacteria ________ each of the _________ types of organisms on earth.

Answer 5

represent
nutritional

Question 6

they are organism that use light as an energy source.

Answer 6

Phototrophs

Question 7

these organisms rely on either inorganic or organic chemicals as an energy source

Answer 7

chemotrophs

Question 8

type of chemotrophs that use inorganic chemicals as an energy source

Answer 8

chemolithotrophs

Question 9

type of chemotroph that use organic chemicals as an energy source

Answer 9

chemoorganotrophs

Question 10

what are the terms relating to an organism’s energy source?

Answer 10

phototrophs
chemotrophs

Question 11

they use carbon dioxide as their sole source of carbon

Answer 11

autotrophs

Question 12

these organisms use organic compounds other than co2 as carbon source

Answer 12

heterotrophs

Question 13

what are the terms relating to organisms carbon source

Answer 13

phototrophs
heterotrophs

Question 14

organism that use light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

Answer 14

photoautotrophs

Question 15

they use light as an energy source and organic compound other than CO2 as carbon source

Answer 15

photoheterotrophs

Question 16

organism that use chemicals as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

Answer 16

chemoautotrophs

Question 17

they use chemicals as an energy source and organic compound other can CO2 as a carbon source

Answer 17

chemoheterotrophs

Question 18

what are the terms that uses both energy and carbon source

Answer 18

photoautotrophs
photoheterotrophs
chemoautotrophs
chemoheterotrophs

Question 19

what organisms are under photoautotrophs

Answer 19

photosynthetic prokaryotes (cyanobacteria), plants, some protists (algae)

Question 20

_____ is the organism that is usually found under chemoautotrophs

Answer 20

some bacteria
prokaryotes (Sulfolobus)

Question 21

what are the types of organisms found under chemoheterotrophs

Answer 21

many prokaryotes (Clostridium)
protists
animals
parasitic plants

Question 22

is the study of heredity.

Answer 22

Genetics

Question 23

An organism’s _______ (or genome) is its complete collections of genes

Answer 23

genotype

Question 24

_______ is the organism’s physical traits, attributes, or characteristics.

Answer 24

phenotype

Question 25

_______ phenotype includes presence or absence of certain enzymes and structures such as _____, _____, and _______

Answer 25

• Bacterial
• flagella
• pili
  -capsules

Question 26

An organism’s phenotype is a manifestation of its ________

Answer 26

• genotype.

Question 27

Most bacteria possess _____ chromosome, which usually consists of a_______, double-stranded ______ molecule.

Answer 27

• one
• long circular
• DNA

Question 28

is a genetic alteration that is transmissible to the offspring

Answer 28

mutation

Question 29

is a transient property that depends upon continued exposure to the toxic condition

Answer 29

adaptation

Question 30

no change in genetic composition and cannot be passed onto the next generation

Answer 30

adaptation

Question 31

enables the organism to survive in an environment where organisms without that mutation would die (eg., resistance to antibiotic).

Answer 31

Beneficial mutation-

Question 32

type of mutation that leads to the production of a nonfunctional enzyme, which consequently would impede certain biochemical processes.

Answer 32

Harmful mutation

Question 33

have no effect on the cell (also known as ______).

Answer 33

Silent mutation
neutral mutation

Question 34

what do you call the activity where after exposure f bacteria to antibiotics, only the resistant bacteria remains

Answer 34

natural selection

Question 35

what stage of mutation where there is increased proportion of resistance in the new generation of bacteria

Answer 35

post-selection new population

Question 36

what is the difference between silent mutation and neutral mutation by definition

Answer 36

silent - does not cause changes in the amino acid sequence

neutral- had no observable affect on the organisms phenotype