Microbial Epidemiology

Question 1

Study of the structural and functional manifestations of the disease.

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

Study of the factors that determine frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases in human populations.

Answer 2

Epidemiology

Question 3

Infectious disease is a disease caused by a pathogen. If the infectious disease is transmissible from one human to another (person to person), it is called…

Answer 3

Communicable Diseases

Question 4

Is defined as a communicable disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another.

Answer 4

Contagious Disease

Question 5

Infection diseases that humans acquire from animal sources.

Answer 5

Zoonotic Disease/Zoonoses

Question 6

refers to death.

Answer 6

Mortality rate

Question 7

The ration of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period per a specified population.

Answer 7

Death rate

Question 8

A disease that occurs only rarely and without regularity (sporadically) within the population of a particular geographic area.

Answer 8

Sporadic Disease

Question 9

Of a particular disease is defined as the number of new cases of that disease in a defined population during a specific time period. Example: The number of new cases of Chlamydia in the US during 2016.

Answer 9

Incidence

Question 10

Usually expressed as the number of new cases of a particular disease that occurred during a specified time period and per specifically defined population.

Answer 10

Morbidity Rate

Question 11

During 2016 in the United States:

The Incidence of Chlamydia was 1,598,354 new cases.

The Morbidity Rate of Chlamydia was 497 per 100,000

population. Interpretation: For every 100,000 citizens, you would expect to find 497 cases of Chlamydia.

Answer 11

Incidence vs Morbidity Rate

Question 12

Of a particular disease is the NUMBER OF CASES of the disease existing in a given population during a SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD.

INTERVAL OF TIME

Answer 12

Period Prevalence

Question 13

The number of cases of the disease existing in a given population at a PARTICULAR MOMENT IN TIME.

Answer 13

Point Prevalence

Question 14

Are always present within the population of a particular geographic area. The number of cases of the disease may fluctuate over time, but never dies completely.

Answer 14

Endemic Disease

Question 15

Outbreak or disease that occur in a greater than usual number of cases in a particular region and usually occur within a relatively short period of time.

Answer 15

Epidemic Disease

Question 16

A disease that occurs in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously-sometimes worldwide.

Answer 16

Pandemic Disease

Question 17

The study of the cause of disease.

Answer 17

ETIOLOGY

Question 18

Caused by errors in the genetic code received from parents

Answer 18

Hereditary

Question 19

Defects at birth; caused by drugs, X-Ray exposure, or infections

Answer 19

Congenital

Question 20

Result from aging

Answer 20

Degenerative

Question 21

Result from lack of some essential nutrients on diet

Answer 21

Nutritional

Question 22

Due to excess or deficiency of hormones

Answer 22

Endocrine

Question 23

Abnormal cell growth

Answer 23

Neoplastic

Question 24

Caused by an infectious agent

Answer 24

Infectious

Question 25

Disease acquired in health care setting

Answer 25

Nosocomial

Question 26

✓ Are often signified worker to patient. ✓ 10% of patients can develop nosocomial acquired infection during their hospital stay. ✓ 30% are from amputations and surgery.

Answer 26

Nosocomial Infection

Question 27

Caused by medical treatment or procedures; are a subgroup of hospital-acquired disease

Answer 27

Iatrogenic Infection

Question 28

✓ Disease present or incubating at the time of hospital ✓ The disease has already manifested in the patient before arriving at the hospital.

Answer 28

Community Acquired Infection

Question 29

✓ Disease present or incubating at the time of hospital ✓ The disease has already manifested in the patient before arriving at the hospital.

Answer 29

Community Acquired Infection