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Microbial Epidemiology Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

Study of the structural and functional manifestations of the disease.

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Study of the factors that determine frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases in human populations.

A

Epidemiology

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3
Q

Infectious disease is a disease caused by a pathogen. If the infectious disease is transmissible from one human to another (person to person), it is called…

A

Communicable Diseases

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4
Q

Is defined as a communicable disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another.

A

Contagious Disease

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5
Q

Infection diseases that humans acquire from animal sources.

A

Zoonotic Disease/Zoonoses

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6
Q

refers to death.

A

Mortality rate

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7
Q

The ration of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period per a specified population.

A

Death rate

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8
Q

A disease that occurs only rarely and without regularity (sporadically) within the population of a particular geographic area.

A

Sporadic Disease

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9
Q

Of a particular disease is defined as the number of new cases of that disease in a defined population during a specific time period. Example: The number of new cases of Chlamydia in the US during 2016.

A

Incidence

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10
Q

Usually expressed as the number of new cases of a particular disease that occurred during a specified time period and per specifically defined population.

A

Morbidity Rate

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11
Q

During 2016 in the United States:

The Incidence of Chlamydia was 1,598,354 new cases.

The Morbidity Rate of Chlamydia was 497 per 100,000

population. Interpretation: For every 100,000 citizens, you would expect to find 497 cases of Chlamydia.

A

Incidence vs Morbidity Rate

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12
Q

Of a particular disease is the NUMBER OF CASES of the disease existing in a given population during a SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD.

INTERVAL OF TIME

A

Period Prevalence

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13
Q

The number of cases of the disease existing in a given population at a PARTICULAR MOMENT IN TIME.

A

Point Prevalence

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14
Q

Are always present within the population of a particular geographic area. The number of cases of the disease may fluctuate over time, but never dies completely.

A

Endemic Disease

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15
Q

Outbreak or disease that occur in a greater than usual number of cases in a particular region and usually occur within a relatively short period of time.

A

Epidemic Disease

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16
Q

A disease that occurs in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously-sometimes worldwide.

A

Pandemic Disease

17
Q

The study of the cause of disease.

18
Q

Caused by errors in the genetic code received from parents

19
Q

Defects at birth; caused by drugs, X-Ray exposure, or infections

20
Q

Result from aging

21
Q

Result from lack of some essential nutrients on diet

22
Q

Due to excess or deficiency of hormones

23
Q

Abnormal cell growth

24
Q

Caused by an infectious agent

25
Disease acquired in health care setting
Nosocomial
26
✓ Are often signified worker to patient. ✓ 10% of patients can develop nosocomial acquired infection during their hospital stay. ✓ 30% are from amputations and surgery.
Nosocomial Infection
27
Caused by medical treatment or procedures; are a subgroup of hospital-acquired disease
Iatrogenic Infection
28
✓ Disease present or incubating at the time of hospital ✓ The disease has already manifested in the patient before arriving at the hospital.
Community Acquired Infection
29
✓ Disease present or incubating at the time of hospital ✓ The disease has already manifested in the patient before arriving at the hospital.
Community Acquired Infection