Microbial Epidemiology Flashcards
(29 cards)
Study of the structural and functional manifestations of the disease.
Pathology
Study of the factors that determine frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases in human populations.
Epidemiology
Infectious disease is a disease caused by a pathogen. If the infectious disease is transmissible from one human to another (person to person), it is called…
Communicable Diseases
Is defined as a communicable disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another.
Contagious Disease
Infection diseases that humans acquire from animal sources.
Zoonotic Disease/Zoonoses
refers to death.
Mortality rate
The ration of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period per a specified population.
Death rate
A disease that occurs only rarely and without regularity (sporadically) within the population of a particular geographic area.
Sporadic Disease
Of a particular disease is defined as the number of new cases of that disease in a defined population during a specific time period. Example: The number of new cases of Chlamydia in the US during 2016.
Incidence
Usually expressed as the number of new cases of a particular disease that occurred during a specified time period and per specifically defined population.
Morbidity Rate
During 2016 in the United States:
The Incidence of Chlamydia was 1,598,354 new cases.
The Morbidity Rate of Chlamydia was 497 per 100,000
population. Interpretation: For every 100,000 citizens, you would expect to find 497 cases of Chlamydia.
Incidence vs Morbidity Rate
Of a particular disease is the NUMBER OF CASES of the disease existing in a given population during a SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD.
INTERVAL OF TIME
Period Prevalence
The number of cases of the disease existing in a given population at a PARTICULAR MOMENT IN TIME.
Point Prevalence
Are always present within the population of a particular geographic area. The number of cases of the disease may fluctuate over time, but never dies completely.
Endemic Disease
Outbreak or disease that occur in a greater than usual number of cases in a particular region and usually occur within a relatively short period of time.
Epidemic Disease
A disease that occurs in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously-sometimes worldwide.
Pandemic Disease
The study of the cause of disease.
ETIOLOGY
Caused by errors in the genetic code received from parents
Hereditary
Defects at birth; caused by drugs, X-Ray exposure, or infections
Congenital
Result from aging
Degenerative
Result from lack of some essential nutrients on diet
Nutritional
Due to excess or deficiency of hormones
Endocrine
Abnormal cell growth
Neoplastic
Caused by an infectious agent
Infectious
