Microbial Genetics

Question 1

Are functional unit of genetic information

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

Condensed form of the thread like structure

Answer 2

Chromosomes

Question 3

Totality of the genetic information

Answer 3

Genome

Question 4

Are monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

DNA and RNA are

Answer 5

Polynucleotides

Question 6

Base type that contains 2 nitrogenous rings

Answer 6

Purine, Adenine and Guanine

Question 7

Base type that contains 1 nitrogenous ring

Answer 7

Pyrimidines, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

Question 8

5’

Phosphate or Hydroxyl

Answer 8

Phosphate

Question 9

Bonds between bases

Answer 9

Hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Bonds between sugars

Answer 10

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 11

One helical turn is how many base pairs

Answer 11

10 base pairs

Question 12

10 base pairs or 1 helical turn is how long

Answer 12

3.4 nanometers

Question 13

The 2 strands of DNA are

Answer 13

Anti-Parallel

Question 14

3 DNA characteristics

Answer 14

Anti-Parallel, Semi-Discontinuous, Semi-Conservative

Question 15

Is a type of molecules consists of a long chain of nucleotide units. Usually single stranded

Answer 15

RNA

Question 16

This type of RNA is complementary to a DNA strand and functions to carry the genetic material from chromosome to ribosome

Answer 16

MRNA

Question 17

The process by which DNA information is copied to RNA

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

RNA that is associated with the ribosome that accepts information from tRNA and correlates the information to synthesize proteins

Answer 18

rRNA

Question 19

Process by which cells makes proteins

Answer 19

Protein Synthesis

Question 20

Is responsible to transfer information from mRNA to rRNA

Answer 20

tRNA

Question 21

Process that turns genetic information from mRNA into a series of amino acids with peptide bonds

Answer 21

Translation

Question 22

The theory of molecular biology represented by a simple pathway, which demonstrates the flow of genetic information in the cell

Answer 22

Central Dogma

Question 23

DNA sizes are expressed in

Answer 23

Base Pairs

Question 24

E.coli has

Answer 24

4.64 Mbp

Question 25

It is the coiling of the genome

Answer 25

Supercoiling

Question 26

Supercoiling is done by what enzyme in bacteria

Answer 26

DNA gyrase

Question 27

True or False Insertion of supercoil requires ATP while removal does not

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Bacterial DNA is _______ supercoiled

Answer 28

Negatively

Question 29

What is the supercoiling of Archaeas

Answer 29

Positive

Question 30

True or False Bacteria had 3 chromosomes

Answer 30

False (1)

Question 31

They are responsible in transporting nucleotides from the cytoplasm that complements the template into the dna strand

Answer 31

Polymerases

Question 32

Steps in DNA replication

Answer 32

DNA unwinds Bases added Replication fork moves down strand Newly replicated DNA rewinds

Question 33

Responsible in the assembly of nucleotides in Transcription

Answer 33

RNA Polymerase

Question 34

Protein 3 synthesis steps

Answer 34

Initiation Elongation Termination

Question 35

The beginning process of protein synthesis starts with the start codon methionine

Answer 35

Initiation

Question 36

The start codon that is coded by AUG

Answer 36

Formylmethionine (f-met)

Question 37

The step which a complex that begins with f-met is attached with amino acids forming a chain.

Answer 37

Elongation

Question 38

Ends when synthesis comes to a termination codon

Answer 38

Termination

Question 39

Three termination codes

Answer 39

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 40

A group of e nucleotides in DNA which acts as a code in the placing of an amino acid in protein molecule

Answer 40

Codon