Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

Series of biochemical reactions by which the cell breaks down or biosynthesizes various metabolites

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Nutrients required in large amounts

Answer 2

Macronutrients

Question 3

Nutrients required in minute amounts

Answer 3

Micronutrients

Question 4

Macronutrients

Answer 4

P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Na, C, N, H, O

Question 5

Micronutrients

Answer 5

Trace metals

Question 6

Function as cofactors of certain enzymes

Answer 6

Trace metals

Question 7

Growth factors

Answer 7

Organic Micronutrients

Question 8

Process by which cells accumulate solutes against the concentration gradient

Answer 8

Active Transport

Question 9

Types of Active transport

Answer 9

Simple transport
Group translocation
ABC transport

Question 10

Transport, driven by inherent proton motive force

Answer 10

Simple transport

Question 11

2 types of simple transport

Answer 11

1. Symport reactions
2. Antiport reactions

Question 12

Solute and proton are cotransported in one direction

Answer 12

Symport reactions

Question 13

A solute and a proton transported in opposite directions

Answer 13

Antiport reactions

Question 14

Transport, Transported substance is chemically modified and is driven by an energy rich compound

Answer 14

Group Translocation

Question 15

Transport, System that employs a periplasmic binding protein along with transmembrane and ATP-hydrolizing components

Answer 15

ABC Transport

Question 16

ABC in ABC transport means…

Answer 16

ATP Binding Cassete

Question 17

It is the region that lies between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane

Answer 17

Periplasm

Question 18

Organisms that conserve energy from chemicals

Answer 18

Chemotrophs

Question 19

Organisms that use organic chemicals

Answer 19

Chemoorganotrophs

Question 20

Organisms that taps energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds

Answer 20

Chemolithotrphs

Question 21

Organisms that use light as their source of energy

Answer 21

Phototrophs

Question 22

Two forms of Phototrophy

Answer 22

Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

Question 23

Organisms that use organic compounds as a carbon source

Answer 23

Heterotroph

Question 24

Organisms capable of biosynthesizing all cell material from CO2 as the sole carbon source

Answer 24

Autotrophs

Question 25

True or false Chemoorganotrophs are also heterotrophs

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or false MOST chemolithotrophs and phototrophs are autotrophs

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or false All organic matter on Earth are synthesized by primary producers like the chemolithotrophs

Answer 27

False (Phototrophs)

Question 28

A substance that facilitates a reaction but is not consumed by its functions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction, increasing production rate

Answer 28

Catalyst

Question 29

Major catalyst in cells

Answer 29

Enzymes

Question 30

A small and loosely bound non protein molecule that participates in a reaction as part of an enzyme

Answer 30

Coenzyme

Question 31

True or False Most coenzymes are derivatives of vitamins

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True or false All coenzymes are cofactors

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The reactant that combines with the enzyme in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Answer 33

Substrate

Question 34

When the enzyme reacts with the substrate a _______ is formed

Answer 34

Enzyme-substrate complex

Question 35

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the

Answer 35

Active site

Question 36

Removal of an electron from a substance

Answer 36

Oxidation

Question 37

Addition of an electron to a substance

Answer 37

Reduction

Question 38

Short for oxidation-reduction

Answer 38

Redox

Question 39

It is the substance oxidized

Answer 39

Electron donor

Question 40

It is the substance reduced

Answer 40

Electron Acceptor

Question 41

It is the most important energy rich phosphate compound in cells

Answer 41

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 42

Derivative contains energy rich thioester bonds which it hydrolizes to yield sufficient free energy.

Answer 42

Coenzyme A

Question 43

Glycogen is an example of a ___________

Answer 43

Energy storage polymer

Question 44

In the absence of an energy source a cell can break these down to make new cell material or to supply the very low amount of energy to maintain cell integrity.

Answer 44

Energy storage polymers

Question 45

Energy needed to maintain cell integrity when a cell is in a nongrowing state

Answer 45

Maintenance energy