Microbial Genetics Flashcards
(24 cards)
Genetics
Science of heredity What genes are How they carry information How they are replicated and passed on How the information is expressed
Genetic information
Genome(chromosomes and plasmids)
What is dangerous that plasmids carry?
Antibiotic resistance
KPC
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem
VRSA
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli O157: H7
Acquired genes for shiva toxin from shigella
Chromosomes
Structures that contain DNA that physically carry hereditary information.
Genes
Segments of DNA that code for functional products.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
Macromolecule that is composed of repeating units of nucleotides. Forms a double helix
Genetic code
Unique sequences of nucleotides
Nucleotides
DNA’s building blocks
Exons
DNA coding segments that are used up.
Introns
“Junk DNA” non-coding segments. Used for spare parts
Genotype
The genetic makeup that codes for all of an organisms characteristics.
Phenotype
Actual expressed characteristics of an organism. (Eyes, hair…)
Prokaryotes
Tightly coiled DNA and consists of large circles.
Eukaryotes
VERY tightly coiled DNA and is arranged linearly.
46 chromosomes, 23 in each pair
DNA replication
Each replicated DNA is passed from the parent cell to the daughter cell
Biodirectional
Bacteria can replicate from more than one spot of their circular DNA
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Use small samples of DNA that are increased to quantities that are large enough for analysis.
Thermostable DNA
Heat and cools
Repetitively
Mutations
Permanent change in the base sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
DAMAGING!
Examples of mutants
Nitrous acid 5-bromouraci benzypyrene Aflatoxin Radiation X-rays Gamma rays UV light
Benzypyrene
Found in smoke and spot.
Carcinogen - scrotal cancer
Aflatoxin
Provided by mold that grows on peanuts and grain
Don’t feed to live stock
