Microbial Metabolism (Day 9)

Question 1

Is Gylcoloysis Anaerobic or Aerobic?

Answer 1

Anaerobic

Question 2

What is the first step in cellular respiration?

Answer 2

Glycolosis

Question 3

How does the three - Carbon pyruvate molecule convert into the two - carbon acetyl group that can be funneled into the Kreb cycle?

Answer 3

3 carbon pyruvate acid molecules are converted into a 2-carbon molecule attached to acetyl CoA via pyruvate oxidation, it then enters the Kreb cycle from here.

Question 4

What is the net yield of CO2, GTP/ATP, FADH2, and NADH from the Krebs cycle?

Answer 4

2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1FADH2, 1 ATP/GTP this is all made by the substrate level phosphorylation.

Question 5

How can intermediate carbon molecules of the Krebs cycle be used in a cell?

Answer 5

Building blocks for biosynthesis (Amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides)

Question 6

ETC location and function for Prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

Plasma membrane, as electrons travel the chain they go from higher to lower on the energy level.

Question 7

ETC location of Eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 8

What is Substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 8

Formation of ATP + ADP and phosphorylated intermediate.

Question 9

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 9

Electrons from NADH + FADH flow through enzymes embedded in the cell membrane as part of the ETS, to the final inorganic acceptor.

Question 10

What is the relationship between Chemiosmosis and proton motive force?

Answer 10

Chemiosmosis is used by oxidative phosphorylation to directly make ATP, the proton motive force moves (H+) to the other side of the membrane as electrons are passed along the chain.

Question 11

What is the location of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 11

Mitochondrial matrix/ inner membrane

Question 12

What is the location of ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 12

cytoplasm

Question 13

What is aerobic respiration? (Final Electron accept and what it is reduced to)

Answer 13

Final electron acceptor is O2, Which is reduced to H2O

Question 14

What is anaerobic respiration? ( (Final Electron accept and what it is reduced to)

Answer 14

Final electron acceptor is something other than O2

Question 15

Define fermentation

Answer 15

Fermentation breaks down glucose to make ATP. It is recycling NADH to NAD+.

Question 16

Anaerobic (type and yield)

Answer 16

inorganic, yield ATP: 5-36

Question 17

Fermentation (type and yield)

Answer 17

organic, yield ATP: 2

Question 18

Aerobic (type and yield)

Answer 18

O2, yield ATP: 38

Question 19

What is the fermentation Pathway end product of Pyruvic acid?

Answer 19

CO2 + acetaldehyde

Question 20

What is the fermentation Pathway end product of Acetaldhyde?

Answer 20

Ethanol

Question 21

What is Homolactic Fermentation?

Answer 21

Lactic acid only (ie: yogurt)

Question 22

What is Hetrolactic Fermentation?

Answer 22

Lactic acid, ethanol, and acetic end products (ie: pickles)

Question 23

What is Catabolism?

Answer 23

enzymes breaking down carbohydrates to capture energy in ATP bonds

Question 24

What is the most common pathway?

Answer 24

Glycolysis

Question 25

What is the FIRST step in Glycolysis?

Answer 25

The energy investment phase

Question 26

What happens during the energy investment phase?

Answer 26

Cell spends ATP to phosphorylate glucose, forming two glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) molecules.

Question 27

What is the SECOND step in Glycolysis?

Answer 27

The energy payoff phase

Question 28

What happens during the energy payoff phase?

Answer 28

Harnesses the energy in the G3P molecules, producing 4 ATP molecules, 2 NADH molecules, and 2 pyruvates.

Question 29

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

Answer 29

Use glucose as carbon and energy source

Question 30

What is the purpose of the Transition Reaction?

Answer 30

Bridge between glycolysis + Kreb cycle

Question 31

The Krebs cycle, also known as _______.

Answer 31

- citric acid cycle - tricarboxylic cycle

Question 32

How many Krebs cycle turns are required to process all of the carbon from one glucose molecule?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

What is the net gain from the Krebs cycle?

Answer 33

- 6 NADH - 4 FADH2 - 4 CO2 - 2 ATP or GTP

Question 34

What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle? (Generates?)

Answer 34

Generation of high energy electron carriers

Question 35

What other organisms use intermediates from the Krebs cycle as building blocks for biosynthesis?

Answer 35

- amino acids - fatty acids - nucleotides

Question 36

What are the 2 types of Cellular respiration?

Answer 36

1. Aerobic respiration 2. Anaerobic respiration

Question 37

What is the Electron transport chain? (ETC)

Answer 37

series of membrane-bound electron carrier

Question 38

What happens during the Electron transport chain?

Answer 38

NADH and FADH2 are oxidized through a series of redox reactions and a considerable amount of ATP is produced

Question 39

How do bacteria use oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 39

H+ flows back down the electrochemical gradient into the bacterial cytoplasm through ATP synthase, providing the energy for ATP

Question 40

When do cells undergo fermentation?

Answer 40

- No appropriate final electron acceptor - Lack of genes to make carriers in the electron transport system - Lack of genes to make enzyme(s) in Krebs cycle

Question 41

what does Fermentation lack?

Answer 41

electron transport system