Microbial nutrition, growth requirements and bacterial metabolism

Question 1

-requires oxygen and grows well in room air
-15-21% oxygen, 1% CO2

Answer 1

aerobe

Question 2

eg:
pseudomonas
bordetella
brucella
mycobacteria
PBBM

Answer 2

obligate aerobic

Question 3

-does not require presence of oxygen
-dies in presence of oxygen

Answer 3

obligate anaerobic

Question 4

eg:
clostridium
bacteroides
(CBac)

Answer 4

obligate anaerobic

Question 5

-most clinically significant organism
-grows in either presence or absence of oxygen
-does not require oxygen but grows well with oxygen

Answer 5

facultative anaerobe

Question 6

eg: enterobacteria

Answer 6

facultative anaerobe

Question 7

obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes contain protective enzymes (2) against toxic effect of oxygen

Answer 7

superoxidase dismutase
catalase

Question 8

-can survive in presence of oxygen but will not perform metabolic process unless placed in anerobic environment

Answer 8

aerotolerant anaerobe

Question 9

eg:
propionibacterium
lactobaciullus
(ProLac)

Answer 9

aerotolerant anaerobe

Question 10

organism that requires 2-10% oxygen for growth

Answer 10

microaerophile

Question 11

eg:
campylobacter
treponema pallidum
(CT)

Answer 11

microaerophile

Question 12

requires 5-10% CO2

Answer 12

capnophiles

Question 13

eg.
haemophilus influenzae
neisseria gonorrheae
streptococcus pneumoniae
(HaNeS)

Answer 13

capnophiles

Question 14

CO2 % needed by aerobic bacteria

Answer 14

0.03%

Question 15

according to carbon source:
use CO2 as sole source of carbon

Answer 15

autotrophs

Question 16

according to carbon source:
use reduced, preformed organic molecules from other bacteria

Answer 16

heterotrophs

Question 17

according to energy source:
organisms that use light

Answer 17

phototrophs

Question 18

according to energy source:
organisms that use the energy produced by the oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds

Answer 18

chemotrophs

Question 19

according to electron source:
-they reduce inorganic molecules
-same as autotrophs

Answer 19

litotrophs

Question 20

according to electron source:
-require organic substances for growth and multiplication
-ALL BACTERIA THAT INHABIT HUMAN BODY
-same as heterotrophs

Answer 20

organotrophs

Question 21

obtain energy either by photosyntetically or oxidatively

Answer 21

autotrophs
litotrophs

Question 22

obtain energy by oxidation or fermenting organic substances such as glucose

Answer 22

heterotrophs
organotrophs

Question 23

requires additional substances such as vitamins, purines, pyrimidines and hemoglobin for growth and survival

Answer 23

fastidious bacteria

Question 24

require dead organic substances

Answer 24

saprophytes

Question 25

requires organic substance from living tissues

Answer 25

parasites

Question 26

optimum temperature for most bacteria

Answer 26

35-37c

Question 27

according to temperature: grows well at 0c to a maximum of 20c

Answer 27

psychrophile/cryophile

Question 28

eg: listeria monocytogenes yersinia enterocolitica

Answer 28

psychrophile/cryophile

Question 29

according to temperature: grows between 20-45c commonly encountered pathogenic bacteria in lab

Answer 29

mesophile

Question 30

according to temperature: grows beterrn 50-125c

Answer 30

thermophiles/hyperthemophile

Question 31

according to temperature: prokaryotes that are able to live at unusual conditions eg: bacillus infernus

Answer 31

extremophiles

Question 32

term: the lowest minimum time required to kill organism in a constant temperature

Answer 32

thermal death time

Question 33

term: the lowest temperature required to kill organism at a constant time

Answer 33

thermal death point

Question 34

measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of an organism's environment

Answer 34

pH requirement

Question 35

pH requirement: pH 0-5.5

Answer 35

acidophile

Question 36

pH requirement: pH 5.5-8.0

Answer 36

neutrophile

Question 37

pH requirement: pH 8.5-11.5

Answer 37

alkalophile

Question 38

pH requirement: most clinically significant bacteria

Answer 38

neutrophile

Question 39

optimum pH for most pathogenic bacteria is between -

Answer 39

6.5-7.5

Question 40

requirement important for bacterial growth

Answer 40

moisture

Question 41

requires increased concentration of sodium chloride

Answer 41

halophiles

Question 42

pressure requirement: organism that grow rapidly in presence of high pressure

Answer 42

barophilic

Question 43

substances required by fastidious bacteria for their growth and multiplication

Answer 43

growth factors: amino acids vitamins purines pyrimidines