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Infection And Immunity > Microbial Virulence > Flashcards

Microbial Virulence Flashcards

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1
Q

Kocks postulates

A

Causative relationship between microbe and disease

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2
Q

Attenuation

A

Decrease/loss of virulence of a pathogen

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3
Q

CD66 —> Pili

A

N.gonorrhoeae + Opa protein

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4
Q

Which gram contains filamentous proteins

A

Negative

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5
Q

What grows only in calf placenta? And why?

A

Brucella abortus

Erythritol

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6
Q

How much iron does bacteria need in a day?

A

0.4-40 uM

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7
Q

How much iron is available in the plasma?

A

10^-18 uM

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8
Q

Where is the majority of iron stored?

A

Haem / ferritin / haemosidern

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9
Q

Low levels of iron are associated with what?

A

Increased exotoxin production

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10
Q

Borrelia burgdoferi

A

Substitutes iron for manganse for its metal ion enzymes

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11
Q

Haem oxygenase

A

Extract iron

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12
Q

Sidephore

A

E.coli

Aerobactin acts upon transferrin

10^50

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13
Q

Transferrin

A

10^36

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14
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

Polysaccharide hyaluronic acid breakdown

Found in host cells

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15
Q

Strpetokinase

A

Break down fibrin clots

Pathogenic spread

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16
Q

Coagulase

A

Promotes clotting

S.aureus

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17
Q

Where are enterotoxin genes found?

A

Plasmids

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18
Q

Name 3 exotoxin categories

A

AB

Cytolytic

Super antigen toxins

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19
Q

Lecithinase

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A

Cell lysis on Lecithin

Clostridium perfringins

20
Q

Cytolytic toxin

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A

Staphylococcal a-toxin

Integrate into phosholipid

Oligomerize into lytic hepatamers

Undergo changes to produce membrane pores

21
Q

AB toxin inhibits what?

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A

Protein synthesis

22
Q

Fragment B (AB)

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A

Binds to host cell receptor

23
Q

Fragment A (AB)

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A

Disrupts protein synthesis

24
Q

How are A - B bound?

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A

Covalent bond /disulphide bond

25
Diphtheria toxin
C.diphtheriale Encoded by bacteriophage B
26
1. Stage of Diptheria toxin
B- Binds irreversibly to host HB-EGF Epithelial surfaces nose /throat
27
2.stage diptheria toxin
Cell uptakes toxin by endocytosis
28
3.stage of diptheria toxin
Cleavage of A / B (disulphide bond) A + ADP-ribosylates EF-2 Stopping protein synthesis
29
Symptoms of diptheria toxin
Myocarditis Neuritis
30
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani
31
Where does clostridium tetani germinate?
Enters in break of skin Germinates in anoxic area
32
Where is clostridium tetani found?
Endospore forming bacteria in soil
33
Tetanospasmin binds to what?
Ganglioside lipids on termini of inhibitory interneurons
34
Tetanospasmin has prevents release of what?
GABA (neurotransmitter) AcH constantly released Uncontrolled contractions
35
Backward arching of neck caused by tetanospasmin
Opisthotonus
36
Name a spastic paralysis causing toxin
Tetanospasmin
37
Name a flaccid paralysis toxin
Botulium
38
Type A / B /E/F C.botulium
Cause disease in humans
39
Type H C.botulium
2ng causes death Very very potent
40
Botulium toxin structure
150kDa Light /heavy chain
41
Botulium toxin binds to what
Bioactive protein complex (BPC) binds to presynaptic termini at neuromuscular junction
42
How does Botulium toxin stop AcH release?
Cleaves SNARE /SNAP proteins Prevents muscle contraction as no excitatory AcH can bind to its ligand
43
How is cholera transmitted? What route? What produces the toxin?
Faecal oral route Vivrio cholerae produces Choleragen
44
How many B units are in Choleragen? How many A units?
5B 1 A unit (A1/A2)
45
B unit Choleragen binds to what? What does it allow?
B unit —> GM1 Allows A to penetrate cell
46
A subunit from Choleragen binds to what? What does it add from NAD?
Targets GTP Adds ADP-Ribose (ADPR) from NAD to AC-Gs
47
AC-Gs-ADPR = what?
Increasing cAMP Change in flux sodium/chloride Cells lose water to gut lumen 20L secretion

Infection And Immunity (7 decks)

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