Microbio

Question 1

Gram staining

Answer 1

Gram +: thick peptidoglycan layer

Gram -: thinner wall

Question 2

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 2

Gram +, catalase +, coagulase +, cocci, beta hemolytic, ferment mannitol, superantigen toxic shock syndrome

bacterial pneumonia, UTI, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, food poisoning,

Question 3

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Answer 3

Gram +, catalase +, urease +, cocci

UTI, infects artificial joint, endocarditis

Question 4

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 4

Gram +, group A, cocci, streptolysin O, encapsulated

impetigo, pharyngitis, cellulitis, eriseplas, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis,
exotoxin: scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis

Question 5

Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 5

Gram +, group B, cocci, encapsulated, b-hemolytic,

meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia

Question 6

Brodetella pertussis

Answer 6

whooping cough

gram - coccobacilli, endotoxin,

Question 7

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 7

toxic megacolon, reactive arthritis

gram -, comma-shaped rod, flagellum, anaerobic, oxidase-positive,

Question 8

Citrobacter

Answer 8

UTI

gram -, bacilli, facultative anaerobes

Question 9

Enterobacter

Answer 9

UTI, respiratory infx in those hospitalized, skin infections w/ surgery and burns

gram -, facultative anaerobes, rod, non-spore forming, urease +, lactose-fermenting, motile

Question 10

E coli

Answer 10

diarrhea (enterotoxigenic), UTI, hemolytic uremic syndrome (enterohemorrhagic)

gram -, rod, facultative anaerobes, catalase +, encapsulated, flagella, shiga/heat-labile

Question 11

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 11

meningitis, epiglottitis, otitis media, pneumonia

gram - coccobacilli, encapsulated or unencapsulated, facultative anaerobic, endotoxin

Question 12

H. pylori

Answer 12

peptic ulcers

gram -, curved rod, flagella, urease and catalase +, microaerophile

Question 13

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 13

pneumonia, wound infx, meningitis, UTI

gram -, bacilli, facultative anaerobes, urease +

Question 14

N. gonorrhoeae

Answer 14

urethritis, prostatitis, orchitis, cervicitis, gonococcal ophthalmia, dermatitis

gram -, diplococci, IgA protease

Question 15

N meningitidis

Answer 15

meningitis, gangrene of toes, DIC, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, pharyngitis, intense myalgias, petechial rash

gram -, diplococci, IgA protease, polysaccharide capsule, maltose acid detection

Question 16

Pasteurella multocida

Answer 16

respiratory infx, cellulitis

gram -, coccobacillus, encapsulated, facultative anaerobic, oxidase and catalase +, nitrate reductive +

Question 17

Proteus mirabilis

Answer 17

pneumonia, wound infx, UTI

gram -, bacilli, motile, facultative anaerobic, urease +

Question 18

Salmonella typhi

Answer 18

GI, septicemia, typhoid fever

gram -, rod, facultative anaerobic and pathogens, encapsulated, flagella, produce hydrogen sulfide, sensitive to gastric acid

Question 19

Serratia marcescens

Answer 19

hospitalized pt, pneumonia, UTI, bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis

gram -, bacillus, motile, facultative anaerobic, urease +, catalase +, DNASE, Lipase

Question 20

Shigella

Answer 20

diarrhea, dysentery, neuron damage

gram - bacilli, facultative anaerobe, shiga toxin,

Question 21

Yersinia Enterocolitica and pestis

Answer 21

bubonic (lymph nodes) plague, heart/lungs, sepsis, appendicitis

gram -, coccobacillus, bipolar staining, facultative anaerobe and intracellular, catalase +

Question 22

What are exotoxins?

Answer 22

group of soluble proteins that are secreted by the bacterium, enter host cells, and catalyze the covalent modification of a host cell component(s) to alter the host cell physiology

Question 23

What are endotoxins?

Answer 23

lipopolysaccharides are the component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are released into the circulation upon disruption of the intact bacteria (death, cell lysis)

Question 24

most common cause of rhinitis?

Answer 24

adenovirus

Question 25

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Answer 25

gram +, cocci, alpha-hemolytic, encapsulated, pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis

Question 26

Enterococcus spp

Answer 26

gram +, cocci, UTI, endocarditis, biliary tree infection

Question 27

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 27

gram +, spore-forming, bacillus, capsule, black necrotic cutaneous lesion, pulmonary anthrax

Question 28

Clostridium tetani

Answer 28

gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus, tetanus toxin, obligate anaerobes puncture wound from metal, tetanus

Question 29

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 29

gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus, obligate anaerobes, botulinum toxin botulism, canned food, obligate anaerobes, descending flaccid paralysis, honey

Question 30

Streptococcus Viridans

Answer 30

gram +, cocci, alpha-hemolytic bacterial endocarditis

Question 31

Bacillus cereus

Answer 31

gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus food poisoning

Question 32

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 32

gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus, obligate anaerobes, alpha toxin, beta-hemolysis, food poisoning, necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection, gas gangrene, Clostridal myonecrosis

Question 33

Clostridioides difficile

Answer 33

gram-positive bacillus, obligate anaerobe, spores, toxin A, toxin B pseudomembranous colitis, watery diarrhea

Question 34

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Answer 34

gram-positive bacillus, diphtheria toxin lymphadenopathy, Myocarditis//Arrhythmia//Heart block,

Question 35

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 35

gram-positive bacillus, weakly beta-hemolytic, flagella, catalase-positive dairy products, neonatal meningitis, listeriosis in pregnancy

Question 36

Actinomyces israelii

Answer 36

gram-positive filamentous bacillus, obligate anaerobes, cervicofacial disease following oral/jaw trauma

Question 37

Nocardia asteroides

Answer 37

gram-positive filamentous bacillus, obligate aerobes, catalase-positive, urease-positive pulmonary nocardiosis in immunocompromised, brain abscesses, cutaneous nocardiosis

Question 38

Vibrio spp.

Answer 38

oxidase-positive, gram-negative comma shaped rod, cholera toxin diarrhea

Question 39

Bordetella pertussis

Answer 39

whooping cough ram-negative bacterium, adenylate cyclase toxin

Question 40

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 40

gram-negative bacillus, oxidase-positive Legionnaires’ disease

Question 41

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 41

gram-negative bacillus, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, obligate aerobic, encapsulated, exotoxin A, motile osteomyelitis, otitis externa, sepsis, hot tub folliculitis, UTI, wound infections

Question 42

Bartonella henselae

Answer 42

gram-negative zoonotic bacillus cat-scratch disease

Question 43

bacillary angiomatosis

Answer 43

gram-negative zoonotic bacillus immunocompromised cat-scratch disease

Question 44

Brucella spp.

Answer 44

gram-negative zoonotic coccobacilli, facultative intracellular organisms fever, night sweats, and anorexia;

Question 45

Francisella tularensis

Answer 45

gram-negative zoonotic coccobacillus skin ulcers and necrosis, lymphadenopathy

Question 46

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 46

acid-fast bacterium, obligate aerobes tuberculosis

Question 47

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 47

acid-fast bacterium tuberculoid leprosy

Question 48

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 48

spirochete bacterium Lyme disease

Question 49

Leptospira interrogans

Answer 49

spirochete bacterium, leptospirosis

Question 50

Treponema pallidum

Answer 50

spirochete bacterium syphilis

Question 51

Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 51

gram-indeterminate Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 52

Rickettsia prowazekii

Answer 52

gram-indeterminate, obligate intracellular organisms rash, epidemic typhus, pneumonia, encephalitis

Question 53

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 53

gram-indeterminate walking pneumonia

Question 54

Gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 54

gram-indeterminate bacterial vaginosis (clue cells)

Question 55

Coxiella burnetii

Answer 55

gram-indeterminate, obligate intracellular organisms, forms spore-like Q fever, granulomatous hepatitis

Question 56

Chlamydia spp

Answer 56

gram-indeterminate, obligate intracellular organisms STI, lymphogranuloma venereum, trachoma, reactive arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome), pelvic inflammatory disease, atypical pneumonia