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Boards- Dumb Topics > Microbio-bac > Flashcards

Microbio-bac Flashcards

1
Q

What consititutes a gram positive bacteria

A

Thick, multilayered, peptodoglucan cell wall exterior to the membrane

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2
Q

What constitutes a gram negative bacteria

A

Has an outer membrane and inner cytoplasmic membrane
-peptidoglycan layer in between

-Outer layer distinguished by the presence of various embedded lipopolysaccharides

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3
Q

What are examples of beta lactam antibiotics and what do they target

A

penicillin and cephalosporins

-inhibit enzymes that catalyze traspeptidation and carboxypeptidation reactions in cell wall cross linking assembly

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4
Q

What are other antibacterials that limit cell wall synthesis

A

Bacitracin
Cycloserine
Vancomyocin (only gram pos)

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5
Q

What are the main two Gram Pos Cocci

A

Staphylococci
Streptococci

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6
Q

What are the main pathology of staphylococcus aureus

A

Usually impacts organism thru a break in the skin or insertion of a foreign body

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7
Q

What are the mc staphylococci aureus complications

A

Localized skin inf
Deep localized inf (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis)
Acute Endocarditis (IV drug use)
Staphylococcal gastroenteritis

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8
Q

What are some important streptococci to know (2)

A

(gram pos)
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia

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9
Q

What are 3 common complications of a streptoccocus pyogenes inf

A

Acute pharyngitis- (strep throat), Characterized by purulent inflammation of tonsilar area

Impetigo- typically in children, causes lesions on the face/limbs

Acute rheumatic fever- 2/3 weeks after inf, cases by run bw antigens of heart and joint tissues

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10
Q

What are some common complications of strep pneumoniae (3)

A

Acute bac pneumonia
Otis media
Meningitis (MC cause)

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11
Q

What are the important gram pos rods (3)

A

Cornybacterium diptqheria
Bacillus anthracis
Listeria monocytogenes

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12
Q

What does corynebacterium diphtheriae cause

A

acute respiratory/ cutaneous disease

  1. Upper respiratory- grey exudate at back of throat
  2. Cutaneous diphtheria- puncture wound may create a non healing ulcer with grey membrane
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13
Q

What does bacillus anthracis cause (2)

A
  1. Cutaneous Anthrax- mc, papule forms and evolves into a malignant pustule, which may invade nearby lymph nodes leading to fatal septicaemia
  2. Pulmonary Anthrax- Inhaling of spores causing progressive hemorrhagic lymphadenitis
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14
Q

What is listeria monocytogenes found in and what complications does it cause

A

usually food borne (dairy products)

-septicamia and meningitis are the mc reported in pregnant women and may pass it onto their new-born at birth causing newborn meningitis

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15
Q

What are the 2 most important Neisseriae

A

Neisseriae gonorrhoea
Neisseria meningitides

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16
Q

What does Neusseria gonorrhoea cause (2)

A

(mc reported infectious disease)

1.GI- Presents with yellow, purulent urethral discharge and painful urination (can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease)

  1. Pharygitis- similar to strep throat, purulent exudate
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17
Q

What does neisseria meningitidis cause (2)

A
  1. Meningitis
  2. Septicaemia- characterized by large, purple blotchy skin hemorrhages, vomitting, diarrhea
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18
Q

What are the GI gram negative rods (7)

A

E coli
Salmonella enterica
Camplyobacter jejune
Shigella
Vibrios Cholerae
Yersinia enterocolitica
Helicobacter pylori

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19
Q

What are the main things that E coli cause

A
  1. Enterootoxigenic Ecoli (ETEC)
  2. Enteropathic Ecoli (EPEC)
    3.Enterohemorrhagic Ecoli (EHEC)
  3. UTI
  4. Neonatal Meningitis
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20
Q

What does Enterotoxigenic ecoli (ETEC) cause

A

mc form of travellers diarrhea which causes watery diarrhea

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21
Q

what does enteropathic ecoli cause (EPEC)

A

causes diarrhea of infants

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22
Q

What does enterohemorrhagic ecoli cause

A

severe bloody diarrhoea and may also cause renal failure

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23
Q

what is the mc cause of meningitis within first month of life

A

Neonatal meningitis caused by E coli

24
Q

What are the 2 diseases that salmonella enterica causes

A

Gastroenteritis- characterized by nausea, vomitting, diarrhea

Enteric typhoid fever- severe life threatening, which includes chills, HA, sore throat, cough

25
Q

What does campylobacter jejune cause

A

Intestinal and extraintestinal distress- causes acute enteritis and symptoms are both systemic and intestinal

26
Q

What does Shigella causes (+how)

A

An exotoxin (shiga toxin) causes dysentery and painful abdominal cramping

27
Q

What does Vibrios Cholera cause + why

A

From contaminated water + food
-Cholera- massive loss of fluid and electrolytes

28
Q

What does yersinia enterocolitica cause

A

Enterocolitis- results in ulcerative lesions in terminal ileum

29
Q

What does helicobacter cause and symptoms

A

Ulcers- may occur in both stomach and duodenum which results in pain immediately after eating and a few hours after eating respectfully

30
Q

What are other important gram neg rods (4)

A

H. Influenza
Bordella pertussis
Legionella Pneumophila
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

31
Q

What does H. Influenzae cause

A

Meningitis- leading cause of bac meningitis, primarily in infants + young children

32
Q

What does bordella pertussis cause (+ two stages)

A

whooping cough

Catarrhal Phase- Non specific symptoms such as rhinorrhea, mild conjunctival inf, malaise etc

Paroxysmal phase- whooping cough here, may also be cyanotic and vomit

33
Q

What are the 2 things that Legionella pneumophilia can cause

A

(mc inf from inhalation)

  1. Legionnaires Disease- Acute lobar pneumonia with myltisystem symptoms
  2. Pontiac fever- influenza like that infects healthy indv that usually resolves in one week
34
Q

What is pseudomonas aeruginosa and what does it cause (2)

A

-very opportunistic inf

  1. Localized inf- may occur in eye (keratitis), Ear (external otitis), Skin (sepsis), Respiratory (pneumonia), GI, CNS
  2. Systemic inf- IV drug users
35
Q

What are the main Clostridium (+ anaerobic rods)-4

A

Clostridium Perfrigenges
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium Tetani
Clostrudium Difficile

36
Q

What is clostridium perfringes and what can it cause (2)

A

-usually normal flora of the vagina + GI

myonecrosis (gas gangrene)- spores introduced by infected soil which causes fermentation of carbs

Food poisoning

37
Q

What does clostridium botulism cause (+ two type)

A

(neurotoxin in medical aesthetics)

Classic- food poisoning in which a patient first begins to experience difficulties in focusing vision, swallowing + eventually respiratory paralysis

Infant- floppy baby syndrome, usually from honey contaminated

38
Q

What is clostridium tetani

A

Tetanus- presents as spastic paralysis and patient may also have convulsions or spasms and death may occur due to paralysis of respiratory mm

39
Q

what does clostridium difficile cause

A

usually causes diarrhea
-diarrhea to inflammation of the L intestine

40
Q

what are the major spirochetes (4)

A

Taponema pallidum
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia recurrentis
Leptospira Interrogans

41
Q

What does Treponema Pallidum cause

A

causative adjent for syphilis

42
Q

What are the 3 stages of syphilis

A

1- hard genital or oral ulcer

2- red maculopapular rash on any part of the body + hep, meningitis or nephritis

3- Degen of CNS and cardio systems

43
Q

What is Borrelia burgdorferi and what does it cause

A

Causative agent for lyme disease
-causes bulls eye rash (erythema chonicum migraines)

44
Q

What is borrelia recurrentis responsible for

A

Relapsing fever- abrupt onset of high fever, severe headaches, muscle pain and general malaise

45
Q

Leptosira interrrogans causes what and symptoms

A

Causes leptospirosis
-Fever occurs one to two weeks after infection and then decreases

46
Q

What does mycoplasma pneumonia cause and ss

A

Primary atypical pneumonia- lower respiratory tract inf

47
Q

What are the chlamydiae inf (3)

A

Chlamydia trochomatis
Chlymydia psittacosaurus
Clymydia Pneumonie

48
Q

What are the 3 types Chlamydia trachomais

A
  1. Nongonococal urethritis- females may present w cervicitis/urtehtritis, in men in epidydimys
  2. Lymphogranuloma venereum- More invasive, transient lesions on genitalia, may block lymphatic drainage if untx
  3. Trachoma- causes chronic keratoconjunctivitis
49
Q

Chlymdia Psittaci

A

Causes psittacosis which comes from inhaling infected feces from birds

50
Q

What is chlymydia pneumonia

A

Causes pharyngitis sometimes followed by laryngitis/bronchitis or interstitial pneumonia

51
Q

What are the important mycobacterium (2)

A

Mycobacterium TB- cause TB

Mycobacterium Laprae- Leprosy - choleric granulomatous condition of the peripheral nerves and mucsculocutaneous tissues to form large maculae on the skin

52
Q

What does actinomycetes Israeli cause

A

causes the opportunistic infection called actionmyocsis

-chronic suppurative abscess leads to scarring the disfigurement; the lesion begins as hard, red, non tender swelling which eventually leads to pus

53
Q

What are the two major Richettsiae

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Coxiella Burnetii

54
Q

What does Rickettsia rickettsii cause

A

Rickettsia (rocky mountain fever)- transmitted by fleas, ticks, mites and lice- high fever that becomes hemorrhagic

55
Q

What does coxiella burnetii cause

A

Q fever
interstitial pneumonitis that may be complicated by hepatitis, myocarditis or encephalitis

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