MicroBio Chapter 13

Question 1

The invasion or colonization of the body by microorganisms

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

Occurs when an infection results in the change of the state of health and when signs and symptoms appear

Answer 2

Disease

Question 3

True or False

All infections result in disease

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Exists if two variables appear to be related by a mathematical relationship

Answer 4

Association

Question 5

Magnitude of one variable appears o move in the opposite direction of the other associated variable

Answer 5

Negative association (Inverse relationship)

Question 6

Magnitude of both variable move in the same direction

Answer 6

Positive Association (Direct relationship)

Question 7

The combination of necessary and sufficient factors that results in disease

Answer 7

Casue

Question 8

A set of 4 criteria to be met before the relationship between a particular infectious agent and a particular disease is accepted as casual.

Answer 8

Koch’s Postulate (1877)

Question 9

A set of 9 criteria that each contribute a different amount of strength and likelihood that a relationship between a potential risk factor and a disease is casual

Answer 9

Hill’s Criteria of Causation (1965)

Question 10

Koch’s Postulate

Answer 10

1. The microorganism must be present in all the cases of the disease
2. The pathogen can be isolated from the host and grown in pure culture
3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
4. The pathogen must be reisolated from the new host and shown to be the same as the originally introduce pathogen

Question 11

Hill’ Criteria of Causation

Answer 11

S TRENGTH
C ONSISTENCY
S PECIFITY
T EMPORILTY
B IOLOGICAL GRADIENT
P LAUSIBIITY
C OHERENCE
E EXPERMINET
A NALOGY

Question 12

A small association does not mean there is not a casual effect. Though larger association means more likely casual effect

Answer 12

Strength

Question 13

This model of disease has 3 components

Answer 13

Epidemiological triad

Question 14

3 components of epidemiological triad

Answer 14

1. External agent
2. Components
3. Environmental factors

Question 15

Can be any microorganism that must be present for a disease to occur

Answer 15

Infectious agents

Question 16

Intrinsic factors that influence an individual’s exposure. i.e age, race, sex

Answer 16

Host Factors

Question 17

Are extrinsic factors which affect agent and the host and the opportunity of exposure

Answer 17

Environmental factors

Question 18

Is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host

Answer 18

Disease transmission

Question 19

Dynamics of Disease transmission

Answer 19

Source of reservoir - modes of transmission - Susceptible host

Question 20

The person, animal or object from which an infectious agent passes or is dessimenated to the host

Answer 20

Source

Question 21

Any person animal, or substance in which infectious agents lives and multiplies, and depends for survival

Answer 21

Reservoir

Question 22

Types of Reservoir

Answer 22

1. Human
2. Animals
3. Non-living thing

Question 23

A person identified as having a particular disease under investigation

Answer 23

Case

Question 24

An infected person that specific infectious agent in the absence of clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection

Answer 24

Carrier

Question 25

The organism causing infectiom

Answer 25

Pathogen

Question 26

The infected person or animal carrying the pathogen

Answer 26

Host

Question 27

he method the pathogen uses to leave the body of the host

Answer 27

Exit

Question 28

How the pathogens is transferred from host to susceptible person

Answer 28

Transmission

Question 29

The environment in which the transmission of the pathogen take place

Answer 29

Environment

Question 30

The method the pathogen uses to enter the body of the host

Answer 30

Entry

Question 31

A potential future host

Answer 31

Susceptible person or animal

Question 32

Conditions required for infection to spread

Answer 32

1. One person must be infected with a microorganism 2. The other person must be susceptible to infection 3. The microorganism must be able to leave the body of the infected and enter the body of the susceptible

Question 33

The time between infection agent and onset infectiousness

Answer 33

Latency period

Question 34

The time between infection and onset of symptoms

Answer 34

Incubation period

Question 35

The ability of microbe to cause disease

Answer 35

Pathogenicity

Question 36

The degree of pathogenicity in a microorganism

Answer 36

Virulence

Question 37

An infection characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression, and often sever symptoms

Answer 37

Acute infection

Question 38

An infection characterized by delayed onset and slow progression

Answer 38

Chronic infection

Question 39

An infection that develops in on otherwise healthy person

Answer 39

Primary infection

Question 40

An infection that develops in an individual who is already infected with a different pathogen

Answer 40

Secondary infection

Question 41

An infection restricted to a specific location or region within the body of a host

Answer 41

Localized infection

Question 42

An infection that has spread to several regions or areas of the body

Answer 42

Systemic infection

Question 43

An infection with few or no obvious symptoms

Answer 43

Subclinical infection

Question 44

An infection with obvious symptoms

Answer 44

Clinical infection

Question 45

An infection caused by microorganisms that are commonly found in the host's environment

Answer 45

Opportunistic infection

Question 46

The suffix that means presence of infectious agents

Answer 46

emia

Question 47

A disease that is normally found ina a certain percentage of the population

Answer 47

Endemic disease

Question 48

A disease present in a greater than usual percentage of the population

Answer 48

Epidemic disease

Question 49

An epidemic affecting a large geographical area, often on a global scale

Answer 49

Pandemic disease

Question 50

Presence of infectious agents on the bloodstream

Answer 50

Septicemia