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GENERAL SUBJECTS > Microbio Dental Decks 2013-2014 > Flashcards

Microbio Dental Decks 2013-2014 Flashcards

1
Q

formalin treated inactivated viruses that given IV

A

Salk vaccine

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2
Q

live attenuated administered orally

A

Sabin Vaccine

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3
Q

largest & most complex DNA virus

A

Poxvirus

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4
Q

Group A Virus

A

Herpangina & Hand-foot & mouth disease

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5
Q

appear on the throat, palate or tongue

A

Herpangina

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6
Q

appear on the buccal mucosa & gingiva

A

Hand-foot & mouth disease

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7
Q

Main cause of common cold

A

Rhinoviruses

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8
Q

mixture of 3 live attenuated viruses, administered via injection for immnization against

A

Measles, mumps & Rubella

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9
Q

1st step in viral gene expression

A

mRNA synthesis

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10
Q

highly effective immunizing agent that enabled the global eradication of smallpox

A

VACCINIA VACCINE

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11
Q

surface glycoprotein , aids attachment of the virus to the cell wall of susceptible host cells at specific receptor sites

A

Hemagglutinin (H)

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12
Q

facilitates cell penetration, probably by pinocytosis, & release of replicated viruses from the cell surface effected by budding through the cell membrane

A

Neuraminidase

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13
Q

Major changes of reassortment of genome pieces

A

Antigenic shifts

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14
Q

minor changes based on point mutations

A

Antigenic drifts

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15
Q

caused by an RNA paramyxovirus & transmitted via respiratory droplets

A

Mumps

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16
Q

caused by influenza viruses A, B & C

A

Influenza

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17
Q

act to prevent viral replication & are only effective against influenza A

A

Amantadine & Rimantadine

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18
Q

Steps in the replicative Cycle of Viruses * AEURAR*

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Entry
  3. Uncoating
  4. Replication & Viral Protein Production
  5. Assembly
  6. Release
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19
Q

ONLY RNA viruses that are double-stranded

A

Reoviruses

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20
Q

Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in infants & young children

A

ROTAVIRUSES

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21
Q

Most prominent & characteristic symptom of rubella infection

A

LYMPHADENOPATHY

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22
Q

Coagulase +

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

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23
Q

Coagulase -

A

Staphylococci

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24
Q

gm + cocci that for, clusters like bunches of grapes

A

S.Aureus

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25
Q

major cause of nosocomial infection & food poisoning

A

S. Aureus

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26
Q

gm - facultative rod-shapwd bacterium in the same proteobacterial family as E.coli trivially known “enteric” bacteria

A

Salmonella

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27
Q

Salmonella causes 2 diseases

A

Salmonellosis- enteric fever (typhoid) bacterial invasion of the bloodstream
Acute gastroenteritis- foodborne infection/intoxication

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28
Q

enzymes that cleave plasminogen producing plasmin which cause liquefaction of fibrin. Used clinicLly removal of bloodclots

A

UROKINASE

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29
Q

Functions of Acid- Fast Cell Wall Components

A
  1. Peptidoglycan
  2. Mycolic Acid
  3. Surface protein
  4. Periplasm
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30
Q

Inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis & is efficient antimycobacterial agent

A

Isoniazid

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31
Q

small, rounded nodule produced by infection with M. t. It is the primary lung lesion of pulmonary TB

A

Tubercle / Ghon focus

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32
Q

result of ghon focus that has healed, fibrosed & sometimes calcified

A

Ranke complex

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33
Q

Gm + cell wall

A
  1. thick (15-80 nm)
  2. Thick murein layer
  3. Teichoic acids, polysaccharides serves as attachment sites for bacteriophage
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34
Q

Gm (-) cell wall

A
  1. thin (10 nanometers)
  2. More complex than gm + cell wall
  3. Thin murein layer
  4. Lipoproteins
  5. :Lipoplysaccharides or endotoxin
  6. Phospholipids
  7. Proteins
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35
Q

Can tolerate acid

A

Aciduric

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36
Q

Acid forming

A

Acidogenic

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37
Q

Main cause of enamel decalcification

A

Lactic Acid

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38
Q

enteric bacteria because they live in the intestinal tract of human & other animals

A

E.coli

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39
Q

best known enteric bacteria

A

Salmonella typhoid fever

Shigella- cause dysentery

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40
Q

3 types of Infections in humans E.coli

A
  1. UTI
  2. Neonatal Meningitis
  3. Intestinal disease- travellers diarrhea
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41
Q

Process wherein information in the form of nitrogenous bases along an mRNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein

A

Translation

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42
Q

transfer of DNA via phage particle. Does not require cell to cell contact

A

Transduction

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43
Q

2 Major Opsonins are

A

IgG & C3b

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44
Q

Immunoglobulin that is found in the highest concentration in serum samples from px with PD

A

IgG

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45
Q

PROKARYOTES

A
  1. Nucleus absent
  2. Nuclear membrane absent
  3. DNA in single, closed loop chromosome
  4. No protein in chromosome
  5. No organelles
  6. Smaller ribosomes
  7. No mitosis in reproduction
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46
Q

Examples of Prokaryotes

A

Bacteria & (Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma)

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47
Q

EUKARYOTES

A
  1. Nucleus present
  2. Nuclear membrane present
  3. DNA in multiple chromosomes
  4. Protein chromosome
  5. Organelles (Golgi, ER)
  6. Larger in ribosomes
  7. Mitosis in reproduction
48
Q

Examples of Eukaryotes

A 
Protozoa
Fungi
Plants
Animals 
Humans
49
Q

cell contain organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes & larger (80s) ribosomes where as prokaryotes contain no organelles & smaller (70s) ribosomes

A

Eukaryotic cells

50
Q

have rigid external cell wall that contains peptidoglycan

A

Prokaryotes

51
Q

Do not contain peptidooglycan

A

Eukaryotes

52
Q

Eukaryotes replicate by

A

Mitosis

53
Q

Prokaryotes replicate by

A

Binary fission

54
Q

are not cell they are obligate intracellular parasites. they contain either RNA or DNA do not contain organelles & have a protein capsid & lipoprotein envelope

A

Viruese

55
Q

more resistant biological form known to exist. High concentration of calcium bound to dipicolinicnacid

A

Spores / Endospores

56
Q

heat resistant spore formed within the cell. Very diffiuclt to destroy

A

Bacterial endospore

57
Q

DNA is generally confined to this central region

A

Nucleoid

58
Q

Site of translation (protein synthesis)

A

Ribosomes

59
Q

Storage of reserves of nutrients

A

Inclusions (storage granules)

60
Q

layers of polysaccharides attachment to surfaces, protection against phagocytosis

A

Capsule

61
Q

Prevent osmotic lysis of cell protoplasr & confers rigidity & shape to cells

A

Gm + bacteria

62
Q

Peptidoglycan prevent osmotic lysis & confers rigidity & shape ; outerm membrane is permeablity barrier, associated LPS (endotoxin) & proteins have various functions

A

Gm - bacteria

63
Q

Permeability barrier, transport of solutes , energy generation location of numerous enzyme systems

A

Plasma Membrane

64
Q

Genetic material of cell

A

Chromosome

65
Q

Extrachromosomal genetic material

A

Plasmid

66
Q

Motility (swimming movement)

A

Flagella

67
Q

Mediates DNA transfer during conjugation

A

Sex pilus

68
Q

Attachment to surfaces, protection against phagocytosis

A

Common pili or fimbriae

69
Q

Most primitive of mechanisms for gene transfer among bacteria. It occurs naturally among some bacteria. No requirement for cell to cell contact

A

Transformation

70
Q

genetic transfer mediated by F- prime cells

A

Sexduction

71
Q

transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another by viral infection

A

Transduction

72
Q

One of the most important virulence fc produced by pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa

A

Exotoxin A (ETA)

73
Q

resulrs in no detectable change at the level of the protein synthesized

A

Silent mutation

74
Q

change in DNA base sequence results in a change in the mRNA that translates into a difference in the amino acid added to the growing polypeptide chain (valine replaces glutamate causing sicke cell anemia)

A

Missense Mutation

75
Q

change in DNA base sequence results in a change in the mRNA that translates into premature chain termination. Protein function is usuallt profoundly affected

A

Nonsense mutation

76
Q

point mutaiton involving base substitution in which the orientstion of purine & pyrimidine is reversed

A

Transverse mutation

77
Q

point mutation involving substitution of one base pair for another by replacement of one purine by another puring & one pyrimidine by another pyrimidine but without change in the purine-pyrimidine orientsiton

A

Transition Mutation

78
Q

mutation that inserts or deletes a number of nucleotides not divisible by three & thus disrupts the reading frame

A

Frameshift mutation

79
Q

tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals

A

Syngeneic graft

80
Q

tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species

A

Allogeneic graft

81
Q

tissue transferred between diff. species

A

Xenogeneic graft

82
Q

self tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual

A

Autologous graft

83
Q

plays an important role in regulating blood volume & systemic vascular resitance , which together infuelnce cardiac output & arterial pressure

A

RAAS

84
Q

3 important component of RAAS

A
  1. Renin
  2. Angiotensin
  3. Aldosterone
85
Q

terminal enzyme in the chain of events that constitutes cellular oxygen consumption

A

Cytochrome oxidase

86
Q

Stimulates bone marrow stem cells (hematopoiesis)

A

IL-3

87
Q

Can induce apoptosis

A

TNF- Alpha

88
Q

Stimulates IL-2 secretion, induces fever (pyrogenic)

A

IL- 1

89
Q

Stimulates proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells

A

IL-2

90
Q

Stimulates chemotaxis & adhesion of neutrophils

A

IL-8

91
Q

Main immune cytokines are the

A

Interferons

Interleukins

92
Q

Is a component of the innate immune system because its action on peptidoglycans is immediate & not pathogen specific. It functions as a non- specific innate opsonin by binding to the bactierial cell surface & enhancing phagocytosis

A

Lysozyme

93
Q

are cells that have had their cell walls & capsules removed by enzymatic or antibiotic tx

A

Protoplasts

94
Q

Inhibits the terminal stel in peptidoglycan synthesis

A

Penicillin

95
Q

a cells’s digestive system

A

Lysosomes

96
Q

Contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances

A

Peroxisomes

97
Q

houses the genetic code which jn turn dictates protein synthesis

A

Nucleus

98
Q

site of mRNA attachemnt & amino acid assembly (protein synthesis)

A

Ribosomes

99
Q

Plays an essential role in the formation of ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

100
Q

surgical wounds that have been closed with sterile suture

A

Healing by first intention

101
Q

healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure allowed to “granulate in” wound closes by contraction & filling with conn. tissue

A

Healing by 2nd intention

102
Q

wound cavity or ulcer by granulations cicatirizarion process of scar formation

A

Healing 3rd intention

103
Q

most common caused by deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase

A

Gaucher’s diseases

104
Q

caused by a deficiency of sphingomyelinase die within few years

A

Neimann- Pick Disease

105
Q

caused by a deficiency of hexosaminidass A

A

Tay-Sachs Disease

106
Q

caused by a deficiency in alpa-galactosidase

A

Fabry’s disease

107
Q

mosr often seen in children is a dermatophyte infection of the hair & scalp

A

Tinea capitis

108
Q

occurs on the trunk, extremities & facd

A

Tinea corporis or ringworm

109
Q

infection of the hairs skin in the beard mustache area is usually seen in men

A

Tinea barbae

110
Q

nonbearded parts of the facd

A

Tinea faciei

111
Q

infection of the groin commonly called jock it h

A

Tinea cruris

112
Q

infeciton of the foot

A

Tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot)

113
Q

dermatophyte infection of one or occasionally , both hands

A

Tinea Manuum

114
Q

dermatophyte infection of the nail

A

Tinea unguium

115
Q

Most effective anti-mycotic (anti-fungal) agent is taken pill form

A

GRISEOFULVIN

GENERAL SUBJECTS (9 decks)

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