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GENERAL SUBJECTS > PHARMACOLOGY💊 > Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY💊 Flashcards

1
Q

any chemical substance used in the diagnosis, tx & prevention of diseases

A

Drug

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2
Q

Most convenient route of administration

A

Oral PO

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3
Q

Most rapid

A

Inhalation

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4
Q

Emergency , rapid onset

A

IV

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5
Q

Most important site of absorption

A

Small Intestine

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6
Q

Duodenum

A

10 inches

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7
Q

Jejunum

A

8 feet

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8
Q

Ileum

A

12 feet

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9
Q

Gastric emptying

A

4 hrs

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10
Q

Most important factor that governs absorption

A

Lipid Solubility

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11
Q

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation

A

Weak Acids- acidic- non-ionized
Weak Bases- basic - Non- Ionized
Weak Acid- basic - Ionized
Weak Bases -acidic - Ionized

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12
Q

All Local Anesthetics are

A

BASES

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13
Q

Safe BP control for pregnancy

A

Methyldopa

Hydralazine

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14
Q

Zero Order Kinetics Drugs TAPE

A
  1. Theophylline
  2. Aspirin
  3. Phenytoin
  4. Ethanol
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15
Q

Lipid soluble to water soluble

A

Metabolism

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16
Q

reduction & oxidation

A

Phase 1

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17
Q 
Conjugation (transferase)
glycine conj.
glucuronidation
acetylation
sultation
A

Phase 2

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18
Q

Major organ for metabolism

A

Liver

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19
Q

Largest family of reductase & oxidases of drug metabolism

A

Cytochrome p450 phase 1

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20
Q

Highest Hepatic 1st Pass

A

Oral Route

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21
Q

Higher Plasma Concentration

A

Faster Elimination = Linear Kinetics

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22
Q

Most drug follw this

A

1st Order Kinetics

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23
Q

Time required to reduce the amount of drug in the body by one half

A

Half- life (t 1/2)

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24
Q

regulatory proteins

A

Receptors

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25
Q

Examples of receptors

A

Transporters
LA (NaK channels)
Enzymes

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26
Q

drugs that binds to & activates a receptor or stabilizes the receptor in its active state

A

Agonist

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27
Q

drugs that binds to & activates the receptos to the Maximum Extent

A

Full Agonist

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28
Q

drug that binds to activates the receptor to a LESSER EXTENT even when dose is increased

A

Partial Agonist

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29
Q

drug that has a higher affinity for the inactive receptor therefore reducing the receptor’s constitutive activity - NO physiologic activation will be observed

A

Inverse Agonist

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30
Q

route of administration is placed in the space beneath the tongue & upon dissolutionof thd dosage form, becomes absorbed through thr sublingual veins into the systemic circulation

A

Sublingual Administration - this route bypasses the hepatic circulation

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31
Q

administered using a suppositorty. This route is ideal for a px who is unconscious or vomiting intractably

A

Rectal Administration

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32
Q

Parenteral ainjection bypass the GIT

A

IV, Subcutaneous, IM, Intradermal & Intrathecal routes

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33
Q

SYMPA

A 
Fight/ Flight
Pupil : Mydriasis
Heart : ⬆️ HR
Bronchioles: Bronchodilation
GIT: ⬇️
Urinary Bladder : Detrussor - relax
Sphincter- contract 
Peripheral B. V (nasal mucoas, GI/splanchnic, skin) : Constriction
34
Q

PARA

A 
Rest / Digest
MIOSIS
⬇️HR
Bronchoconstriction
⬆️ GIT
Detrusor & Sphincter: Contract
Peripheral B.V (nasal mucosa, GI/ splanchnic, skin) : Dilation
35
Q

cranio-sacral , 37910

A

Parasympathetic

36
Q

Thoraco- lumbar

A

Sympathetic

37
Q

(+) inotropy

A

⬆️ depth of contraction

38
Q

(+) chronotropy

A

⬆️ HR

39
Q

⬆️ Dromotropy

A

Faster conduction velocity

40
Q

2 drugs compete w/ each other

A

Antagonism

41
Q

Pharmacologic antagonism

A

trip tp jerusalem

42
Q

Chemical Antagonism

A

A=B

43
Q

Physiologic Antagonism

A 
A= ⬆️ HR
B= ⬇️HR
44
Q

bawal

calcium , aluminum, magnesium

A

Tetracycline

Why: Chemical antagonism

45
Q

Cholinergic agonist

A

Chol
Pilocarpine
STIGMINE

46
Q

Cholinergic Agonist

A

Parasympathetic

47
Q

Cholinergic Antagonist

A

Sympathetic

48
Q

Adrenergic Agonist

A

Sympathetic

49
Q

ADR Antagonist

A

Parasympathetic

50
Q

Indications of the Cholinergic Agonists

A
  1. Glaucoma
  2. Ileus
  3. Dry Mouth
  4. M.G
  5. Tachycardia
51
Q

absent peristalsis

A

Ileus

52
Q

DOC Glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine
Metacholine
Carbachol
Physostigmine

53
Q

DOC Ileus

A

Betanochol

Neostigmine

54
Q

Dry mouth

A

Pilocarpine

55
Q

Tachycardia

A

supraventricular Edrophonium

56
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Pyridostigmine (tx*)

Edrophonium

57
Q

Autoimmune Disease skeletal. attach nicotinic receptors Ach in skeletal muscle
skeletal muscle weakness

A

M.G

58
Q

Diagnosis of M.G

A

Edrophonium

59
Q

A lot of adverse effects

A

Pilocarpine

60
Q

Indications of Cholinergic Antagonists

A
  1. Opthalmic
  2. Respiratory (asthma)
  3. GIT / Genitourinary
61
Q

Cholinergic Antagonist

A

TROP

62
Q

Ophthalmic

A 
Atropine (longest acting)
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide (shortest acting)
63
Q

CUR, Succinylcholine

A

Neuromuscular blocker

nicotinic receptors

64
Q

Respiratory Asthma

A

Ipratropium

Tiotropium

65
Q

GIT/Gastrointestinal

A

Atropine

Scopolamine (hyoscine)

66
Q

binds the nm receptor & promotes depolarization, but the long duration of receptor activation causes the receptor to be desensitized eventually incapable of mediating muscle contraction

A

Depolarizing Blocker

67
Q

Depolarizing blocker

A

Succinylcholine (suxamethonium)

68
Q

directly antagonizes the Nm receptor to promote paralysis

A

Non- depolarizing blockers

69
Q

Adrenergic Agonist

A 
Nasal congestion
Asthma
Cardiogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Hypertension
70
Q

Alpha 1 selective agonist

A

Phenylephine

Phenylpropanolamine

71
Q

Non- selective Alpha Agonist

A

Oxymetazoline

72
Q

Cardiogenic shock DOC

A

Dobutamine

73
Q

Asthma

beta 2- selective agonist (bronchodilation)

A

Salbutamol - short actiing immediate onset

Formoterol, Salmeterol - long acting

74
Q

Cardiogenic shock beta 1 selective agonist (bronchodilation)

A

Dobutamine

75
Q

Non- selecta beta agonist

A

NE

76
Q

Alpha 2 agonists: Hypertension

A
  • Clonidine

* Methyldopa (for hypertensive pregnant women)

77
Q

PHE, PHE , PHE

A

Non- selective Alpha antagonist
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Pheochromocytoma

78
Q

benign Tumor of adrenal gland excessive produce of Ep & NE

Tx. Cntrol BP prior surgery

A

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Pheochromocytoma

79
Q

Alpha 1 selective antagonist

A

Azosin

80
Q

Olol

A

Beta blockers

81
Q

olo

A

beta blocker

82
Q

Vaughn-Williams Classification of Antiarrhythmic Drugs

A

Na
B
K
Ca

GENERAL SUBJECTS (9 decks)

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