Microbio History Flashcards
(10 cards)
1
Q
What is Cyanobacteria
A
- The first oxygen-producing microorganism
2
Q
What are the three domains
A
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
3
Q
6 reasons why microorganisms are important
A
- Decompose organic matter - recycle nutrients
- Bioremediation - breakdown pollutants
- Immune development + human health
- Biotechnology production of fuels and drugs
- Our food and drink
- Disease
4
Q
What is the biomass of bacteria
A
1 - 2 tonnes per hectare
5
Q
How do we know ‘spontaneous generation’ does not occur
A
- Needham (1745) + Spallanzani (1765) - Both preformed experiments using boiled nutrient rich media. Needham cooled his open while Spallanzani’s was cooled closed. Needham’s has growth but Spallanzani’s didn’t after incubation.
- Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment (1861) - sterile liquid will remain sterile if not contaminated with air, but will become putrified if contaminated.
6
Q
Knowledge that life does not arise spontaneously allows …
A
- Prevention of food spoilage
- Interventions can be put in place to stop microbial growth
- Prevention of infections during operation
- Understanding of infectious diseases
7
Q
What are Koch’s postulates
A
- They are a set of rules to establish an etiological link between microorganisms and disease
1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals
2. The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure cultures
3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal
4. The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original.
8
Q
Koch’s postulates can’t be applied to …
A
- Viruses - need a host cell 2. Prions - proteins 3. Long carrier state diseases (TB) 4. Intracellular pathogens
9
Q
List size smallest to biggest of proteins, viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells
A
- Proteins 9nm 2. Viruses 100 - 60nm 3. Bacteria 1 - 2 micrometer 4. Eukaryotic cells 0.1mm - 10 micrometer
10
Q
How to name organisms
A
Genus species
