Microbio Lecture Quiz Chapter 2

Question 1

While monitoring presence of an infectious agent in a population, a clinical microbiologist notices the appearance of a new mutant strain that is associated with increased virulence. Therefore, the researcher decides to measure the LD50 of the mutant strain. Based on the initial observation of increased virulence, what would the researcher expect to see?

Answer 1

The LD50 is decreased.

Question 2

What do we call the collection of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microbes that normally inhabit the human body?

Answer 2

Microbiota

Question 3

What is an infection transmitted from a health care worker to a patient called?

Answer 3

Iatrogenic infection

Question 4

stages of infectious diseases

Answer 4

incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescent

Question 5

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes a weekly report that discusses current outbreaks, statistics, and other health topics. If you wanted to know how many people died from the influenza virus in the past week, which section of this report would provide this information?

Answer 5

Mortality

Question 6

Which of the following describes the convalescence phase of an infection?

Answer 6

Symptoms are gone and the patient is recovering.

Question 7

What does the term “pandemic” mean?

Answer 7

A worldwide epidemic

Question 8

Some of the major microorganisms known to have caused pandemics are influenza, Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague), and HIV. Which of the following are reasons why more microbes don’t cause pandemics?

Answer 8

The organism must be easily transmitted from person to person and The agent must require a relatively low infectious dose to cause disease.

Question 9

Doorknobs, shared utensils, and computer keyboards have the potential to harbor common cold viruses. Under which of the following disease transmission categories does this fall?

Answer 9

Vehicle transmission

Question 10

microbiota

Answer 10

collection of all microbes on the body

Question 11

parasites

Answer 11

microbes that cause infections

Question 12

pathogen

Answer 12

any bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoan, or worm that causes disease

Question 13

infection

Answer 13

when a pathogen or parasite enters and begins to grow on the host

Question 14

disease

Answer 14

when the patient develops symptoms

Question 15

primary pathogen

Answer 15

likely to cause disease after infection in a healthy host

Question 16

opportunistic pathogen

Answer 16

less likely to cause disease in a healthy host

Question 17

virulence

Answer 17

describes the level of harm caused by a pathogen following infection

Question 18

lethal dose 50 (LD50)

Answer 18

How many to kill

Question 19

infectious dose 50% (ID50)

Answer 19

how many to cause disease

Question 20

signs

Answer 20

observed by examination (fever, rash)

Question 21

symptom

Answer 21

experienced by the person (pain, fatigue)

Question 22

sequelae

Answer 22

pathological consequences after a disease resolves

Question 23

incubation phase

Answer 23

where colonization happens/infection starts

Question 24

prodromal phase

Answer 24

feeling of getting sick – symptoms start

Question 25

illness phase

Answer 25

where you are sick, increased signs and symptoms

Question 26

decline phase

Answer 26

immune response to the illness and pathogens start to die

Question 27

convalescent phase

Answer 27

recovery

Question 28

morbidity

Answer 28

rate of illness due to a disease

Question 29

mortality

Answer 29

rate of death due to a disease.

Question 30

direct horizontal transmission

Answer 30

between people or person and an animal

Question 31

indirect transmission

Answer 31

by vehicles such as inanimate objects

Question 32

vertical transmission

Answer 32

mother to fetus

Question 33

Arthropod vectors

Answer 33

feed on animal reservoir hosts and infect human hosts

Question 34

reservoir

Answer 34

an animal/human or environment that normally harbors the pathogen

Question 35

asymptomatic carrier

Answer 35

harbors the potential disease agent but does not have the disease

Question 36

endemic

Answer 36

is always present in a community at a low rate, often in an animal reservoir

Question 37

epidemic

Answer 37

one in which the number of cases increases in a community in a short time

Question 38

pandemic

Answer 38

disease is an epidemic that spreads worldwide

Question 39

portals of entry

Answer 39

fecal-oral, skin, respiratory, parenteral, eye

Question 40

BS1

Answer 40

low risk, basic precautions

Question 41

BS2

Answer 41

mild diseases

Question 42

BS3

Answer 42

serious illness w treatment

Question 43

BS4

Answer 43

serious illness causing death

Question 44

health/lifestyle factors

Answer 44

age, genetics, hand hygiene, nutrition