microbiology 1

Question 1

the study of unicellular organisms

Answer 1

microbiology

Question 2

what organisms does microbiology consist of

Answer 2

bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Question 3

how long is bacteria

Answer 3

0.5-5 microns

Question 4

what stain is used in microbiology

Answer 4

gram +

Question 5

what is bacteria classified by

Answer 5

genus and species

Question 6

what is bacteria named for (2 major)

Answer 6

color and shape

Question 7

how else can bacteria be named

Answer 7

referance to discovery location, discoverer, or infection caused

Question 8

ridged outer layer of bacteria cell; gives shape and protection

Answer 8

cell wall

Question 9

what organism lacks a cell wall

Answer 9

mycoplasma

Question 10

selectivly semi-permiable bacteria structure

Answer 10

cell membrane

Question 11

bacteria structure that contains life sustaining nutrients

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

bacteria structure used for cell devision

Answer 12

mesosomes

Question 13

gelatenous covering around the outside of the bacteria cell; causes it to be anti-phagocytic

Answer 13

capsules

Question 14

whip-like bacteria structure used for locomotion

Answer 14

flagella

Question 15

bacteria structure used to facilitate adhearance of bacteria to mucus membranes

Answer 15

pilli or fimbiria

Question 16

bacterial stage to cause resistance

Answer 16

spores/ endospores

Question 17

what bacterial structure stage can survive pasteurization

Answer 17

spores/ endospores

Question 18

what occurs when bacteria are in an unfavorable location

Answer 18

spores/ endospores

Question 19

bacteria source of energy

Answer 19

carbon and nitrogen

Question 20

how does bacteria aquire nitrogen

Answer 20

protein matabolizm

Question 21

what % water does bacteria require

Answer 21

7-10

Question 22

what pH does bacteria require

Answer 22

7-7.5

Question 23

what temp. does bacteria require

Answer 23

35-37 C

Question 24

at what temp do nearly all pathogenic bacteria to animals grow

Answer 24

20-40 C

Question 25

asexual reproduction

Answer 25

binary fission

Question 26

able to grow well in the presence of oxygen; must have oxygen

Answer 26

aerobic

Question 27

cant grow in the presence of oxygen; grow through fermentation

Answer 27

anaerobic

Question 28

what oxygen tolerance has an odor

Answer 28

anaerobic

Question 29

can grow with or without oxygen

Answer 29

facultative

Question 30

grows best in small amounts of oxygen with increased amounts of carbon dioxide

Answer 30

microaerophilic

Question 31

mesophilic bacteria

Answer 31

pathogenic 20-40 C

Question 32

psychrophiles

Answer 32

cold loving 0-30 C

Question 33

thermophiles

Answer 33

heat loving 40-80 C

Question 34

define ubiquitous

Answer 34

everywhere

Question 35

what can E. coli in the bladder cause

Answer 35

cystitis

Question 36

where is normal flora found (4)

Answer 36

GI, trachea & bronchi, skin, urinary tract

Question 37

what vitamin does normal flora produce

Answer 37

K

Question 38

how does normal flora prevent disease

Answer 38

microbial antagonism

Question 39

normally do not produce disease but can under certain circumstances if found in an unusual location

Answer 39

opportunistic pathogen

Question 40

never normal flora; if present in/on an animal, will cause disease

Answer 40

obligate pathogen

Question 41

bacteria invade the tissue, destroy cells, and cause disease

Answer 41

tissue invasion

Question 42

what are the 2 types of toxin producers

Answer 42

exotoxins and endotoxins

Question 43

produce toxin in the cell wall and secrete toxin into the host

Answer 43

exotoxins

Question 44

what toxin producer causes the cell to die

Answer 44

exotoxins

Question 45

produce toxin in the cell wall and causes the cell wall to rupture

Answer 45

endotoxins

Question 46

botulism and tetnus are examples of _____

Answer 46

exotoxins

Question 47

e. coli, salmonella, and bordatella are examples of _____

Answer 47

endotoxins

Question 48

examples of indirect transmission

Answer 48

resp. route or ingestion

Question 49

fomite route of transmission

Answer 49

inanimate object

Question 50

parenteral route of transmission

Answer 50

transfusions

Question 51

competes with pathogens for sites of attatchment

Answer 51

normal flora

Question 52

barrier to repel invaders

Answer 52

intact skin

Question 53

trap bacteria making them easier to be phagatosized

Answer 53

mucous membranes

Question 54

B and T cells cause what

Answer 54

immune response

Question 55

to obtain a sample from a patient that is representative of the disease process

Answer 55

specimen collection goal

Question 56

sample collected ASAP after death and prior to administration of antibioics

Answer 56

optimal time

Question 57

sample representitive of the whole

Answer 57

aliquots

Question 58

how much tissue should be collected for a sample

Answer 58

more that 3 square cm

Question 59

how much body fluid should be obtained for a sample

Answer 59

more that 1 mL

Question 60

what is a sterile swab used to collect

Answer 60

urine cultures

Question 61

swab transport system that has a medium at the bottom

Answer 61

culturette

Question 62

culturette aka

Answer 62

copan

Question 63

what are non sterile swabs used to collect

Answer 63

skin, mucus membranes, abssess

Question 64

when is it best to collect blood samples

Answer 64

temp spike

Question 65

difficult to culture due to low bacteria level

Answer 65

blood

Question 66

how often should blood be drawn for collection

Answer 66

every 2 hours

Question 67

usually preformed if bacteria and wbc are seen after spinal tap culture

Answer 67

CSF

Question 68

determine bacterial arthritis

Answer 68

synovial fluid

Question 69

obtained in necropsy or surgery and stored in 10% formalin

Answer 69

tissues

Question 70

what are endotoxins usually a product of

Answer 70

gram - bacteria