Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Clinically significant bacteria grow in what ph and temperature range?

A

6.5-7.5, 20-40 C (37 C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are microaerophilic bacteria?

A

Bacteria that prefer reduced oxygen tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are capnophilic bacteria?

A

Bacteria requiring high levels of CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are fastidious microbes?

A

Bacteria with strict growth requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 4 bacteria shapes?

A

Coccus, Bacillus, Coccobacillus and pleomorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many phases of growth does bacteria have?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fungal organisms consist largely of what?

A

Tubes called hyphae which grow toward food sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can aid in the IDing of fungi?

A

Presence or absence of cross walls within the hyphae (growth tubes) underneath the microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The catalase test is used to ID which type of bacteria?

A

Gram positive Cocci and Bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 3 methods of sample collection in microbiology?

A

Aspiration, swabbing, imprinting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are samples that are going to be gram stained, heat fixed?

A

To fix the sample to the slide, kills and makes the bacteria permeable and preserves cell morphology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the reagent used for the catalase test?

A

3% hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is alpha hemolysis?

A

Partial hemolysis that creates a narrow band of greenish or slimy discoloration around the bacterial colony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a culture medium?

A

Any material that can support the growth of microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is enriched media?

A

Media with extra nutrients like egg, blood or serum, to meet the needs of fastidious pathogens. Ex, blood/chocolate agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is selective media?

A

Media containing bile salts or antimicrobials that inhibit or kill all but a few types of bacteria. Ex. MacConkey agar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is differential media?

A

Media that allows bacteria to be differentiated into groups based on their biochemical reaction in the medium. Ex. Simmons citrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is enrichment media?

A

Media that favors the growth of certain types of pathogens. Ex. Tetrathionate or selenite broth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is transport media?

A

Media designed to keep microbes alive while discouraging growth and reproduction. Culturette contains this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common blood agar used?

A

Trypticase soy agar with sheep blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blood agar acts as which 2 media?

A

Enrichment and differential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is thioglycollate broth?

A

Liquid medium used to culture anaerobic bacteria to determine their oxygen tolerance. Obligate aerobes grow in the top layer, and obligate anaerobes grow in the bottom layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MacConkey agar is commonly used to grow what bacteria?

A

Gram negative, ex. Enterobacteriaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

EMB agar is used to ID what organisms?

A

Lactose fermenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hairs infected with the species Microsporum (ringworm) grow what color under a Wood's lamp?
Clear apple green
26
What is a reagent?
A substance or mixture for use in chemical analysis or other reaction
27
What reagent is used to prepare a solid tissue sample for fungal testing?
Potassium hydroxide
28
What is the MIC?
Minimum inhibitory concentration, the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that will inhibit the growth of bacteria
29
Acid fast and non-acid fast stains what colors?
Acid fast stains red, non acid fast stains blue
30
Giemsa stain is used to detect what?
Spirochetes and rickettsiae
31
What is exudate? What are the lab normals?
Fluids with increased cellularity and protein concentration. Turbid, white or slightly yellow. SG > 1.025, TP > 3.0, TNCC > 3000Neut, mononuclear, rbc
32
Fluid samples in cytology should be collected in what chemical?
EDTA
33
A line smear in cytology is used for what?
Low cellularity fluid or a small volume
34
Cytology slides should be in fixative for how long?
2-5 minutes
35
What is the preferred fixative for cytology slides?
95% methanol
36
What is the benefit of using new methylene blue in cytology?
Give excellent nuclear detail, used as an adjunct to Romanowsky. Does not stain RBC.
37
What should be submitted in a cytology sample for cells and fluids?
2-3 air dried unstained smears, 2-3 romanowsky stained smears for cells. For fluids, direct and concentrated smears in EDTA/red top tube should be submitted.
38
Peritoneal and pleural fluid is collected in what tube?
EDTA and RTT
39
What do you observe and record in peritoneal/pleural fluid?
Color, turbidity and odor
40
Total nucleated cell counts are performed the same as what other procedure?
CBC
41
What is transudate? What are the lab normals?
Clear fluid that's poor in protein with low cellularity. SG < 1.017, TP < 2.5, TNCC < 1000/mcl
42
What is modified transudate? What are the lab normals?
Light yellow, clear fluid that's protein rich with mononuclear cells and high cellularity. SG 1.017 – 1.025, TP 2.5 – 5, TNCC 500 – 10,000Lymph, mono, meso, rbc, neut
43
Transudate is seen in what diseases?
Ascites, secondary to CHF and hypoalbunemia, cyst rupture
44
Modified transudate is seen in what diseases?
Cardiac, lymphatic, PTE
45
Exudates are seen in what diseases?
Infection, sepsis, neoplasia, inflammation
46
Describe a mesothelial cell
CENTRAL ROUND NUCLEI WITH A MODERATE AMOUNT OF LIGHT PURPLE CYTOPLASM AND A “CORONA” OR “FRINGE” TO THE CYTOPLASMIC BORDERS
47
Where are mesothelial cells found?
Line body cavities
48
What is pleocytosis in CSF?
ELEVATED CSF NUCLEATED CELL COUNT, MOSTLY DUE TO NEUTROPHILS
49
What are indications of normal CSF?
NO RBCS •<25 NUCLEATED CELLS/MILLILITER •95% TO 100% MONONUCLEAR CELLS (LYMPHOCYTES)
50
What does Malassezia look like?
Boot print
51
What are common abnormal findings in an ear cytology?
Yeast, malassazia, bacteria, parasites, mites
52
What are the predominant cells during anestrus?
NONCORNIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS
53
What are the predominant cells during the stages of proestrus?
EARLY: PROESTRUSEARLY •HIGH NUMBERS OF RBCS ALONG WITH BASAL AND PARABASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS LATER: RBCS DECREASE AND EPITHELIAL CELLS SHOW SIGNS OF CORNIFICATION LATE: ALL EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE INTERMEDIATE
54
What are the predominant cells during estrus?
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE CORNIFIED AND USUALLY ANUCLEAR
55
What are the predominant cells during met/diestrus?
NONCORNIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS
56
What characteristics should be noted in semen evaluation?
VOLUME OF EJACULATION•GROSS APPEARANCE•WAVE MOTION•MICROSCOPIC MOTILITY•SPERMATOZOAL CONCENTRATION•RATIO OF LIVE/DEAD SPERMATOZOA•PRESENCE OF FOREIGN CELLS OR MATERIAL
57
What are the classifications of sperm motility?
Very good, good, fair, poor
58
What do epithelial cell tumors look like?
Highly cellular, often exfoliate into clumps or sheets
59
What do mesenchymal cell tumors look like?
AKA sarcoma, usually less cellular, tend to exfoliate singly or in wispy spindles
60
What do discrete cell tumors look like?
Exfoliate very well but usually not in clumps/clusters
61
When greater than 15% of a cytology sample contains macrophages, it's classified as what?
Granulotomous
62
What do karyolyis look like?
Nucleus that appears swollen/ragged without an intact nuclear membrane
63
How long should prepared cytology slides remain in fixative?
2-5 minutes
64
How is suppurative inflammation characterized?
Presence of >85% of TNCC
65
Pyknosis is what?
Slow cell death, and refers to a small, condensed dark nucleus
66
Epithelial cell tumors are also referred to as what?
Adeno/carcinomas
67
What does a plasma cell tumor look like?
Has eccentrically located nucleus and prominent perinuclear clear zone
68
What do cornified epithelial cells look like?
Angular, no nuclear or pyknotic nuclei
69
What are mott cells?
Plasma cells containing secretory vesicles of Ig
70
Normal peritoneal/pleural fluids have less than how many nucleated cells per mcl?
10,000
71
What is the nuclear criteria of cell malignancy?
Anisokaryosis, pleomorphism, high/variable nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, increased mitotic activity, coarse chromatin pattern, nuclear molding, multinucleation
72
What are evaluations performed on a semen sample?
Volume, gross appearance, wave motion, motility, sperm concentration, ration of dead: live sperm, morphology, presence of foreign cells or material
73
The starfish smear is also called:
the needle spread technique
74
A line smear should be used in what samples?
Low cellularity and small volumes
75
What is a Tzanck preparation?
Making multiple imprints from different layers of an external lesion
76
Dry tissue samples can be moistened with what?
0.9% saline
77
What is the most common liquid medium and what does it grow?
Thioglycollate broth | Anaerobic bacteria
78
BUTT detects what?
Glucose fermentation
79
Triple sugar iron agar screens for what?
Gram negative enterobacteria which ferment glucose, become acidic and turn yellow, and alkalization turns red
80
What bacteria ferments glucose?
Salmonella
81
What color do acid fast staining bacteria turn and what bacteria are they?
Red | Gram positive
82
Which agar is primarily used for the agar diffusion C&S test?
Muehler-Hinton

Clinical Chemistry (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions