Microbiology

Question 1

study of organisms too small to be seen by the unaided eyes

Answer 1

Medical Microbiology

Question 2

what are the branches of medical biology?

Answer 2

• protozoology
• mycology
• bacteriology
• ricketsiology
• virology

Question 3

study of protozoans

Answer 3

protozoology

Question 4

study of fungi

Answer 4

mycology

Question 5

study of bacteria

Answer 5

bacteriology

Question 6

study of transitional organisms between bacteria and viruses

Answer 6

ricketsiology

Question 7

study of viruses

Answer 7

virology

Question 8

parts of Bacterial cell

Answer 8

• chromosome is circular
• spores

Question 9

even if autoclaved (machine for sterilization)

Answer 9

spores are able to resist

Question 10

Clostridium tetani (tetanus)

Answer 10

Terminal

Question 11

Clostridium botulinum (botulinum toxin - botox)

Answer 11

Subterminal

Question 12

bacilis anthracis (used for bioterrorism)

Answer 12

central

Question 13

Organisms according to flagella

Answer 13

• atrichous
• monotrichous
• amphitirichous
• lopotrichous
• peritrichous

Question 14

absence of flagellum; non-motile

Answer 14

atrichous

Question 15

one polar flagellum

Answer 15

monotrichous

Question 16

single flagellum on both ends

Answer 16

amphitrichous

Question 17

tuft of flagella on either end or both ends; multiple flagella on one area/point

Answer 17

lopotrichous

Question 18

flagella present all around the organism

Answer 18

peritrichous

Question 19

two classifications of bacteria

Answer 19

• gram-negative cell wall
• gram-positive cell wall

Question 20

thin peptidoglycan layer

Answer 20

gram-negative cell wall

Question 21

• thick peptidoglygan layer
• outer membrane: LPS or lipopolysaccharide

Answer 21

gram-positive cell wall

Question 22

3 major bacterial shapes

Answer 22

• coccus
• rod/bacillus
• curved forms: spirillum/spirochete

Question 23

factors needed for bacterial growth

Answer 23

oxygen
CO2
nutrients
temperature
hydrogen & ion concentration

Question 24

what temperature does bacteri grow

Answer 24

between 35-37 degrees celsius

Question 25

types of bacteria accorsing to O2 requirement

Answer 25

aerobes anaerobes capnophiles nutritional types

Question 26

type of bacteria that requires oxygen for growth

Answer 26

aerobes

Question 27

type of bacteria that grows best in atmosphere of reduced oxygen

Answer 27

anaerobes

Question 28

what type bacteria that requires 5-10% CO2 (candle jar) to live

Answer 28

capnophiles

Question 29

nutritional types

Answer 29

all microorganisms

Question 30

under autotrophs (inorganic self feeders)

Answer 30

- photoautotrophs (light energy source) - chemoautotrophs (inorganic source)

Question 31

under heterotrophs (organic other feeders)

Answer 31

- photoautotrops (light energy source) - chemoautotrophs (orgamic source)

Question 32

uses nutrients to multiply

Answer 32

stationary phase

Question 33

can no longer multiply, proceeds to death phase

Answer 33

death phase

Question 34

help determines bacteria

Answer 34

staining

Question 35

2 staining techniques

Answer 35

- simple staining - differential staining

Question 36

single stain, for visualization of morphological shape and arrangement

Answer 36

simple staining

Question 37

has 2 contrasting stain separated by decolorizing agent

Answer 37

differential staining

Question 38

what are the 2 contrasting stain separated by decolorizing agent

Answer 38

identification and visualization of structure

Question 39

microbiologists uses this to stain a slide containing micro-organisms.

Answer 39

india ink

Question 40

steps in simple staining

Answer 40

step1: heat fix smear step2: stain

Question 41

gram stain procedure and result

Answer 41

- fixation - crystal violet - iodine treatment - decolorisation (alcohol) - counter stain with safranin

Question 42

acid fast staining

Answer 42

hot and cold method

Question 43

test that provides a clinician with threpeutic guidelines

Answer 43

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST)

Question 44

Types of Antimicrobial Assay

Answer 44

- Disk diffusion susceptibility test - Broth diffusion susceptibility test

Question 45

- uses antibiotic disk - needs to be compared to .5 McFarland standard to standardized everything - zoom of inhibition

Answer 45

Disk difussion susceptibility test

Question 46

means antibiotic successfully killed bacteria

Answer 46

zoom of inhibition

Question 47

the standards followed

Answer 47

CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute)

Question 48

- u will be the one to find which one is most effective - able to adjust the concentration of antibiotic

Answer 48

broth diffusion susceptibility test

Question 49

MIC

Answer 49

minimum inhibitory concentration

Question 50

MBC

Answer 50

minimum bactericidal concentration

Question 51

6 Antibiotic mechanisms of action

Answer 51

inhibits __________ synthesis 1. cell wall 2. protein 3. DNA 4. RNA 5. Folic Acid 6. Mycolic Acid

Question 52

a method of staining which involves heating the carbolfuchsin stain

Answer 52

hot method

Question 53

Kinyoun method which does not involve heating

Answer 53

cold method

Question 54

- gram stain - acid fast stain

Answer 54

identification (differential staining)

Question 55

- spore stain - capsule stain

Answer 55

visualization of structure (differential stsining)

Question 56

_______ kills bacteria; ________ maintain bacteria. Inhibit growth in vitro

Answer 56

bactericidal; bacteriostatic

Question 57

primary stain (_______); mordant (____); decolorizer (___________); counter stain (_________)

Answer 57

carbolfuchsin; heat; acid alcohol; methylene blue

Question 58

same salinity to blood

Answer 58

Solid media (step1: heat fix smear)

Question 59

iodine maintains methylene blue no matter the washing

Answer 59

step 2: stain

Question 60

Heterotrophs (orgamic other feeders)

Answer 60

- photoautotrophs (light energy source) - cheloautotrops (organic source)