microbiology Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
some different types of bacteria causing STI’s
A
- GC
- chlamydia - lymphogranuloma venereum
- mycoplasma
- ureaplasma
- syphilis
- anaerobes
2
Q
what is the typical age range of people being affected by GC?
A
- 15-49 years old
3
Q
what type of bacteria is GC?
A
- gram negative diplococci
- and is sexually transmitted
4
Q
how do you screen for GC?
A
- PCR
- requires chocolate agar to grow
- specific GC media
5
Q
what bacteria is show on this microscopic image?
A
GC
6
Q
what does GC cause?
A
- urithritis, cervicitis, disseminated disease, PID, pharyngitis, proctits
7
Q
antibiotic treatment for GC depends on local resistance? true or false?
A
- true
- usually ceftriaxone, not ciprofloxacin unless sensitivity is known
- azithromycin
8
Q
what kind of infection makes antibiotic tx for diseases like GC less successful?
A
- infections of the pharynx due to limited tissue penetration of antibiotics
9
Q
chlaymdia trachomatis is what kind of bacteria?
A
- intracellular bacterium
10
Q
which gender is chlamydia more common in?
A
- women, 15-24 years old
11
Q
how is chlamydia transmitted?
A
- sexually transmitted
-> often 50% of infection resolves untreated after 12 months
12
Q
what is a typical symptom presentation of chlamydia?
A
- increased vaginal discharge, post-coital bleeding, dysuria, dyspareunia, rectal pain
13
Q
what are some complications of chlamydia?
A
- PID, salpingitis, endometritis, tubal infertility, ectopic pregancy, perihepatitis, reactive arthritis
14
Q
what is typical testing for chlamydia?
A
- NAAT
15
Q
what is the tx for chlamydia?
A
- doxycycline or azithromycin
-> also covered by ofloxacin
16
Q
you do not need to use contact tracting for chlaymdia true or false?
A
- false
- you do
17
Q
serovar L2 (and L1/L3) are specific strains that cause?
A
- lymphogranuloma venereum
18
Q
how does lymphogranuloma venereum present?
A
- presents as outbreaks
19
Q
what is the clinical presentation of lymphogranuloma venereum?
A
- painless ulcers and/or haemorrhagic proctitis, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy (often unilateral)
20
Q
what are some anaerobes that can cause bacterial vaginosis?
A
- gardnerella vaginalis
- prevotells sp.
- mobiluncus sp.
- atopobium sp..
21
Q
what is the testing for bv?
A
- gram stain
22
Q
what is the tx for bv?
A
- metrondiazole (oral or gel), clindamycin cream
and avoid vaginal douching
23
Q
can you do gram stain testing on mycoplasma genitalium? and if no, why not?
A
- you can’t do gram straining on this anaerobe as it lacks cell walls
- NAAT testing instead…
24
Q
is mycoplasma genitalium sexually transmitted? true or false?
A
- true
- usually asymptomatic carriage
25
how does mycoplasma genitalium present?
- PID, and urethritis
26
what is the tx for mycoplasma genitalium?
- doxycycline or moxifloxacin
-> increasing macrolide resistance
27
what is ureaplasma?
- sexually transmitted disease
- which can become part of normal genital flora
28
what does ureaplasma cause?
- urethritis, epididymitis, and prostatitis
29
how is ureaplasma found?
- PCR
30
what kind of sensitivity testing can be carried out for ureaplasma?
- liquid culture
31
what kind of bacteria is treponema pallidum?
- spirochaete, moved by rapid rotation
32
what does treponema pallidum cause?
- causes syphilis
33
how is treponema pallidum transmitted?
- sexually transmitted, via blood transfusion or during pregnancy
34
how is treponema pallidum tested for?
- PCR from lesion sample
and treponemal serology
test 1: treponemal IgG and IgM
test 2 if test 1 is positive: specific treponema pallidum assay and RPR (rapid plasma reagin)/VDRL
35
primary: how does treponema pallidum present?
- chancre (genital ulcer) resolves over 3-8 weeks
36
secondary: in 25% of untreated primary treponema pallidum:
- rash including palms and soles
- mucous pathes
- condylomata lata
- hepaitits, splenomegly, glomerulonephritis
37
at what point does latent treponema pallidum disease present?
- 3-12 weeks
38
what is a late (tertiary) disease presentation of treponema pallidum?
- neurosyphilis/cardivascular/gummatous
39
can treponema pallidum be acquired congenitally true or false?
- true
40
what is tx for treponema pallidum?
- benzathine penicillin
or pen relatives, or doxycycline, or azithromycin or erythromycin
41
what are the 2 types of herpes simplex?
- HSV-1
- HSV-2
they are DNA viruses
42
how is HSV1 transmitted?
- oral-to-oral contact
- 'cold sores'
43
how is HSV-2 transmitted?
- sexually transmitted
- i.e. genital herpes w lesions
44
is HSV an asymptomatic or symptomatic virus?
- typically asympomatic
45
what are the complications for herpes simplex?
- increases risk of HIV transmission by 3x
- more severe disease in immunocompromised people
46
specific to HSV-1 what is a complication of this infection?
- keratitis, encephalitis
47
specific to HSV-2 what is a complication of this infection?
- meningoenecephalitis
48
what is neonatal herpes?
- affects 10/100,000 births globally
- primary herpes in mother late in pregnancy
49
herpes simplex tx?
- aciclovir and valaciclovir
- prevention is key
50
what kind of virus is HPV
- small, non-enveloped DNA virus
- highly transmissable
- transmitted sexually
51
what kind of cancers is HPV assoc with?
- cervical cancer
- assoc w further anogenital and head and neck cancer types
52
HPV 16 + 18 can cause what kind of cancer?
- cervical cancer
53
HPV 6 and 11 causes what disease?
- genital warts
54
is varicella zoster sextually transmitted infection?
- no
- highly contagious passed via droplets and aerosols
55
what kind of testing is required to differentiate between HSV and varicella zoster?
PCR testing
56
how does varicella zoster first present?
- chickenpox in children <10
- then zoster (more common in people over 50 and immunocompromised)
57
what is a complication of primary infection of varicella zoster?
- pneumonia
- encephaltiis
- pregnancy: fetal injury
58
what are some complications of recurrent VZ infection?
- lasting nerve damage
- visual impairment
59
what is tx for severe cases of VZ?
- aciclovir
- vaccination available - attenuated 'live' vaccine
60
what is yeast?
- gram positive fungi
- present on normal skin flora
61
what type of yeast most commonly shows up on a germ tube pos test?
- candida albicans (mostly) sometimes pseudohyphae on microscopy
62
what is a common clinical appearance of a yeast infection?
- vulvovaginal cadidiasis
63
what is the tx for yeast infection?
- topical and/or systemic antifungals
64
what is trichomonas vaginalis?
- unicellular protozoa
- sexually transmmitted
- more common in women
65
how does trichomonas vaginalis present?
- clinically
- discharge w vulval itching, dysuria, prostatitis, ?preterm delivery
66
testing for tricho?
- microscopy from vaginal swab
- NAAT also from urine
67
tx for tricho?
- metronidazole
