Microbiology

Question 1

Which common infections have an incubation period less than two weeks?

Answer 1

Malaria (although can present up to a year later), dengue fever, typhoid, measles

Question 2

Which common infections have an incubation period less than one week?

Answer 2

Meningococcus, Diphtheria, influenza, coronavirus, scarlet fever

Question 3

Which common infections have an incubation period >3 weeks?

Answer 3

Infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), viral hepatitis, HIV

Question 4

Which common infections have an incubation period 2-3 weeks?

Answer 4

mumps, rubella, chickenpox

Question 5

What is a complication of mycoplasma pneumonia?

Answer 5

Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 6

Treatment for primary or secondary syphillis?

Answer 6

Single dose on intramuscular penicillin V

Question 7

Which is the only antibiotic effective against ESBL producing bacteria?

Answer 7

Carbapenins

Question 8

What type of bacteria is E.coli?

Answer 8

Gram negative rod/baccilus

Question 9

Vancomycin is active only against which type of bacteria?

Answer 9

Gram positive only

Question 10

Gentamicin is active only against which type of bacteria?

Answer 10

Gram negative only

Question 11

Quinolone antibiotics end in what?

Answer 11

-ofloxacin eg ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

Question 12

MRSA bloodstream infection choice of antibiotic?

Answer 12

Vancomycin

Question 13

What are examples of gram positive cocci in clusters?

Answer 13

Staphylococcus eg s.aureus
Staph epidermis

Question 14

What are examples of gram positive diplococci and what diseases do they cause?

Answer 14

Strep pneumoniae
-Pneuomonia, menigitis, otitis media

Enterococci eg enterococcus faecium, faecalis
-Can cause UTIs, intra-abdo infection

Question 15

What are examples of gram positive diplococci in chains and what diseases do they cause?

Answer 15

Strep pyogenes (group A strep)
-tonsilitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, cellulitis

Question 16

What are examples of gram positive bacilli and what diseases do they cause?

Answer 16

Clostridium perfringens
-cholecystitis, gastroenteritis

C.diff
Listeria

Question 17

What are examples of gram negative diplococci and what diseases do they cause?

Answer 17

N.meningitidis
-meningitis

Question 18

What are examples of gram negative coccobacilli and what diseases do they cause?

Answer 18

Haemophillis influenzae
-pneumonia, meningitis

Bortadella pertussi- whooping cough

Question 19

What are examples of gram negative bacilli and what diseases do they cause?

What antibiotic is 1st line?

Answer 19

E.coli, proteus, klebsiella
-UTIs, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, intraabdo infection

Metronidazole

Question 20

Presentation of salmonella typhi?

Answer 20

Fever, abdo pain, constipation or diarrhoea

Question 21

Shigella: type of bacteria and presentation?

Answer 21

Gram negative rod causes fever, abdo cramps and bloody diarrhoea

Question 22

What is prophylactic antibiotic tx for meningitis?

Answer 22

Ciprofloxacin

Question 23

What is the best diagnostic test for legionella?

Answer 23

Urinary antigen test

Question 24

Abx tx for salmonella

Answer 24

Ciprofloxacin

Question 25

Incubation period of campylobacter?

Answer 25

2-5 days

Question 26

Incubation period for bacillus cerues?

Answer 26

Emetic: 30mins to 6 hours Diarrhoea: 8-16 hours

Question 27

Incubation period for shigella?

Answer 27

1-3 days

Question 28

Incubation period for salmonella?

Answer 28

Several hours to 2 days

Question 29

Treatment for listeria?

Answer 29

Ampicillin and Gent Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

Question 30

Most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?

Answer 30

E.coli

Question 31

Mx for campylobacter?

Answer 31

Clarithromycin

Question 32

How is Hep E acquired?

Answer 32

Faecal oral spread- commonly affecting shellfish and pork products

Question 33

What is Kernig's sign?

Answer 33

Extension of knee from flexed position is painful

Question 34

What is brudinski's sign?

Answer 34

Passive flexion of neck elicits hip and knee flexion

Question 35

Most common cause of meningitis is over 65?

Answer 35

Strep pneumoniae

Question 36

Most common cause of meningitis in neonates?

Answer 36

Listeria, group B strep

Question 37

Antibiotics for meningitis a) 1st line b) pen allergic c) listeria d) travel

Answer 37

a) IV ceftriaxone + dexamethasone b) IV chloramphenicol and vanc c) IV amox d) IV vanc

Question 38

Pathogen in chlamydia?

Answer 38

Gram -ve intracellular anaerobe

Question 39

Investigations for syphilis?

Answer 39

1) Treponemal IgG and IgM 2) Dark field microscopy

Question 40

Abx for severe CAP

Answer 40

co-amox + doxy

Question 41

Abx for severe HAP

Answer 41

Amox+gent

Question 42

What is the best diagnostic investigation for bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 42

Gram stain- can show clue cells