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Micro > Microbiology 22: Opportunistic Viral Infections > Flashcards

Microbiology 22: Opportunistic Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 organisms can cause Infective mononucleosis ?

A

CMV
EBV

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2
Q

Which Virus causes Kaposi Sarcoma ?

A

HHV8

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3
Q

Which virus causes Burkitss lymphoma in HIV patients ?

A

EBV

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4
Q

Which infections are people receiving anti -TNF therapy particularly predisposed to ?

A

Intracellular infections- TB

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5
Q

Can BMT patients receive VZV vaccination ?

A

No because it is a live virus and they are immunocompromised.

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6
Q

What is the difference in Immunocompromise of solid organ and bone marrow transplant patients ?

A

BMT patients are the most immunocompromised just before receiving the transplant because their own bone marrow is wiped out. After receiving the transplant a new immune system has to be established from the donors bone marrow.

Solid organ patients are less immunocompromised but then have to suppress their immune system for the rest of their lives.

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7
Q

List different herpes viruses ?

A

HSV 1 and 2
VZV
CMV
EBV
HHV8
HHV6

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8
Q

Where does VZV lay dormant ?

A

Dorsal root ganglia

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9
Q

In which cells does CMV lay dormant ?

A

Monocytes

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10
Q

In which cells does EBV lay dormant ?

A

B lymphocytes

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11
Q

What is the main treatment for HSV infection ?

A

Acyclovir

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12
Q

What are 2 treatment/prophylaxis of VZV options for immunocompromised or pregnant women ?

A
  • Prophylactic aciclovir
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis with VZig (more commonly used)
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13
Q

Which virus is associated with Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy ?

A

JC virus

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14
Q

Which virus causes mouth ulcers in post transplant patients ?

A

HSV

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15
Q

Which viruses causes a patient to be very unwell and appear septic with high fevers post bone marrow transplant (think about this virus after bone marrow transplant in kids)?

A

Adenovirus

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16
Q

What is the typical serology of a patient with chronic hepatitis B infection ?

A

HBs Ag +ve
IgG HBc antibodies +ve
IgM HBc antibodies -ve
HBs antibodies -ve

17
Q

List 2 things that are caused by EBV in HIV patients ?

A

oral hairy leukoplakia
lymphomas: Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s

18
Q

Which disease is caused by EBV in patients post transplant ?

A

post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)

19
Q

Which virus causes graft rejection ?

A

HHV6

20
Q

list some primary causes of immunocompromise (5)

A
  • UNC93B deficiency and TLR3 deficiency
  • SCID
  • epidermodysplasia verruciformis
  • STIM1
  • haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in perforin deficiency
21
Q

when do infections commonly occur after BM transplants

A
  • early (within 1 month)
  • from graft - HBV
  • reactivation from host - HSV
  • new infection - VZV
22
Q

VZV manifestations

A
  • skin lesions
  • pneumonitis
  • encephalitis
  • hepatitis
  • purpura fulminans in neonates
  • acute retinal necrosis
  • VZV-assciated vasculopathy
  • shingles = late manifestation
23
Q

CMV manifestations

A

retinitis
encephalitis
pneumonia
gasteoenteritis

histology - owls eye

24
Q

EBV treatment in immunosuppression

A
  • reduce immunosuppression
  • anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (rituximab)
25
Q

features of JC virus

A
  • associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  • demyelination of white matter
  • diagnosis: MRI and PCR of CSF
26
Q

What does BK virus cause in post stem cell transplant pts?

What can it cause in renal transplant patients?

A

haemorrhagic cystitis

BK-related nephropathy

27
Q

manifestations of adenovirus

A
  • problem after BM transplant
  • fever, encephalitis, penumonitis, colitis
28
Q

which respiratory viruses are concerning in the immunocompromised? (5)

A
  • influenza A + B
  • parainfluenza
  • RSV
  • adenovirus
  • MERS
29
Q

Which virus and which genetic lesion is responsible for Epidermodysplasia verruciformis?

A

HPV/ EVER1 or EVER2 gene

30
Q

Order of groups of patients at highest risk to lowest risk of opportunistic viral infections

A
  • Allogenic stem cell transplant (MOST immunosuppressed, so HIGHEST RISK)
  • Advanced HIV infection (CD4 dependent)
  • Solid organ transplant
  • Various mAb therapies
  • Cytotoxic chemotherapy
  • DMARDs and steroids (LEAST immunosuppressive so LOWEST RISK)
31
Q

Which of virus is routinely monitored post-BMT?

A

CMV

32
Q

Pathological hallmark of CMV

A

Owl’s eye appearance on lung pneumocytes

33
Q

A liver transplant patient presents with pain on swallowing. Which virus might be implicated?

A

HSV (causes oesophagitis in immunocompromised)

34
Q

CMV Tx

A
  • Ganciclovir (IV) – BM suppression
  • Valganciclovir PO

Micro (20 decks)

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