Microbiology

Question 1

made of nucleic acid and protein
can be lytic or lysogenic
can infect cells, take over the host’s cellular machinery, and direct replication of their own genome and protein coat
can contain either DNA or RNA and some essential enzymes surrounded by a protein coat

Answer 1

viruses

Question 2

type of virus

causes the host cell to disintegrate

Answer 2

lytic virus

Question 3

type of virus

remains dormant in the host cell

Answer 3

lysogenic

Question 4

protein coat that surrounds viruses

Answer 4

capsid

Question 5

virus that exclusively infects bacteria

Answer 5

bacteriophages

Question 6

prokaryotic
single-celled
lack true nuclei
contain 1 dbl-stranded circular chromosome
no nuclear membrane
have cell walls

Answer 6

bacteria

Question 7

makes up the cell walls of bacteria

Answer 7

peptidoglycan

Question 8

bacteria that cannot fix carbon

uses organic carbon for growth

Answer 8

heterotrophic bacteria

Question 9

bacteria that cannot develop in a living organism
feeds on the waste within living organisms
lives and feeds on dead organic matter

Answer 9

saprophytic bacteria

Question 10

bacteria that is able to make its own energy
may use light or chemical energy to make own food
breaks down inorganic substances into organic substances to use for energy

Answer 10

autotrophic bacteria

Question 11

bacteria that requires oxygen to grow

use oxygen through cellular respiration to metabolize substances (fats, sugars) to obtain energy

Answer 11

obligate aerobe

Question 12

bacteria that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if O2 is available but can switch to fermentation or anaerobic respiration if O2 is absent
Ex: Staph, E. Coli, Yeast

Answer 12

facultative anaerobes

Question 13

bacteria that dies in the presence of O2

Answer 13

obligate anaerobe

Question 14

round bacteria

Answer 14

cocci

Question 15

rod bacteria

Answer 15

bacilli

Question 16

spiral bacteria

Answer 16

spirilli

Question 17

bacteria that form duplexes

Answer 17

diplococci

Question 18

bacteria that form clusters

Answer 18

staphylococci

Question 19

bacteria the form chains

Answer 19

streptococci

Question 20

bacteria reproduce via _______

Answer 20

binary fission

Question 21

type of eukaryote
most are multicellular
heterotrophic, absorptive nutrition (either saprophytic or parasitic)
decomposers
Ex: yeasts, molds, and mushrooms

Answer 21

fungi

Question 22

yeast reproduces by _______

Answer 22

budding

Question 23

most fungi reproduce via ________

Answer 23

sporulation

Question 24

basic body of a fungi

netlike mass of filaments

Answer 24

hyphae

Question 25

many hyphae make up the _____ of a fungus

Answer 25

mycelium

Question 26

fungi reproduce via _______ (either produced sexually or asexually, depending on the conditions)

Answer 26

spores

Question 27

acellular structures of double ors ingle-stranded DNA or RNA in a protein coat

Answer 27

virus