Microbiology Flashcards
(41 cards)
The only two gram positive bacteria we need to know
Strep Pneumoniae and staph aureus
Discuss the structures of our gram positive bacteria
Strep Pneumoniae is a diplococci
Staph Aureus is a cocci in clusters
When do we see strep pneumoniae? What about staph aureus?
Strep - Most frequent community aquired and most common in debilitated and elderly.
Staph - Often a complication of influenza, viral pneumoniaes or blood borne infection in IV drug abusers. Also seen in hospitalized patients, the elderly and those with chronic lung diseases.
Presentation of staph aureus vs strep pneumoniae?
Bronchopneumonia with staph, strep is lobar and produces rust colored sputum
Complications and treatment for Strep Pneumoniae?
Comp - Empyema
Treatment - PCNs, cephalosporins, macrolides, some quinolones
Complications for Staph Aureus and treatment?
Comp - Abscess, empyema, bacterial endocarditis
Treat with oxacillin, nafcillin, vancomycin, linezolid
This gram negative coccobacillus requires hematin and NAD+ for culture
H Influenza
In whom and in what way does H. Influenza present?
Usually infants but we can see it in adults with COPD.
Bronchopneumonia
Complications and treatment for H. Influenza
Comp - Meningitis, epliglottitis in infants and kids
Treat with cephalosporins or TMP-SMX
How do we distinguish between Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
They are both gram negative rods!
Klebsiella is more frequent in diabetic or alcoholic patients with a high mortality rate in the elderly.
Pseudomonas appears blue-green when cultured and is a common cause of nosocomial pneumonia and pneumonia in immune compromised and CF patients
Complications of Klebsiella and how we treat it
Large amounts of damage to the alveolar walls leading to necrosis and abscess formation..
Treat with aminoglycosides and cephalosporins
Complications of Pseudomonas and how we treat it
Focal hemorrhage and necrosis
Treat with combination therapy of cillins and gentamicin
What bacteria requires special charcoal yeast agar with iron and cysteine?
Legionella
Legionella has a relatively high mortality rate if left untreated. How do we treat it?
Macrolides and quinolones
What bacteria produces red currant-jelly sputum? What type of PNA do we see with this bacteria?
Klebsiella and we typically see a bronchopneumonia
Discuss the characteristics of moraxella catarrhalis and who we see it in
This is a gram negative diplococci seen in the elderly and patients with COPD.
It constitutes a bronchopneumonia
How do we treat M. Catarrhalis?
Cephalosporins, macrolides, quinolones
Aspiration pneumoniae usually contains these bacteria and we treat them this way:
Bacteria that are native to you! Treatment is just PCN and clindamycin
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is our young adult pneumonia. As a review, what kind of PNA does it cause and what is it associated with it.
Interstitial and is associated with nonspecific cold agglutinins
This bacteria is found in parrot feces and causes a certain condition
C. Psittaci and it causes psittacosis
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a ___ bacteria that targets ____ and causes ____ PNA.
Obligate intracellular
Columnar epithelium
Interstitial
We treat Chlamydophila with this (in your answer provide an example of each)
Macrolides like erythromycin
Tetracyclines like Doxycycline
Complications of Coxiella and how we treat it
Can cause hepatitis or myocarditis.
We treat with Doxycycline
We have a bunch of viral pneumonias that can get kids. Which ones can we treat and how?
Influenza A:: Amantadine and rimantadine
Influenza A and B: Zanamavir and oseltamivir
RSV (Prophylactically): Palivizumab and ribavirin
