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Dermatology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Virulence

A

Capacity of a microbe to cause damage to host

Ability to cause disease

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2
Q

Virulence factors

A 
Adhesin - helps to stick
Invasin - helps to invade
Impedin - helps overcome defences
Aggressin - direct damage to host
Modulin - indirect damage to host
Capsule
Coagulase
PVL
Enterotoxin
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3
Q

Abscesses join to form:

A

Carbuncle

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4
Q

Where does S. aureus colonise?

A

Nares and perineum

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5
Q

PVL

A

Toxic to leukocytes

Severe skin infection (necrotising fasciitis/pneumonia)

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6
Q

Necrotising pneumonia

A

Flu-like
Necrotising haemorrhagic pneumonia = ARDS
Hypoxaemia and MOF
Due to PVL

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7
Q

TSST-1

A

Staph food poisoning (enterotoxin)
Fever, D+V, sore throat, muscle pain
48 hours

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8
Q

Superantigens

A

Activate 1 in 5 T cells = massive release of cytokines

TSST-1

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9
Q

TSS features

A

Fever over 39
Diffuse macular rash and desquamation
Hypotension less than 90
Over 3 organ systems involved

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10
Q

How to classify GAS

A

Lancefield

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11
Q

Skin infections caused by GAS

A

Impetigo - corneum
Cellulitis (erysipelas = fever, rigors, nausea, face) - dermis
Necrotising fasciitis
TSLS - exotoxins

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12
Q

Staph saphrophyticus

A

UTI in women childbearing age

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13
Q

Ringworm

A

Dermatophyte infection - fungal
Tinea (capitis, corporis, manuum)
Trichyphyton rubrum

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14
Q

Diagnosis of dermatophyte infections

A

Wood’s light

Skin scraping - dermapak for microscopy and culture

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15
Q

Dermatophyte treatment

A

Clotrimazole - canesten

Itravonazole/Terbinafine for scalp

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16
Q

Diagnosis of candida

A

Swab for culture

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17
Q

Treatment of candida

A

Clotrimazole cream

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18
Q

Sarcoptes scabeii

A

Scabies

Intesnely itchy rash finger webs, wrists, genitals

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19
Q

Norwegian scabies

A

Crusted form of scabies, highly infectious

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20
Q

treatment of scabies

A 
Malathion lotion
Benzyl benzoate (NOT in kids)
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21
Q

Lice

A

Pediculosis (capitis, corporis)

Intense itch

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22
Q

Treatment of lice

A

Malathion

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23
Q

Patients who need single room contact precautions

Study These Flashcards
A

GAS
MRSA
Norwegian scabies

24
Q

Post herpetic neuralgia

Study These Flashcards
A

Pain persists after shingles

25
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Reactivation of herpes zoster in geniculate ganglion Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat Facial palsy Deafness, vertigo, tinnitus
26
Vaccination for shingles
In 70 or 79 year olds
27
Primary gingivostomatitis
Herpes simplex Pre-school kids Ulcers around mouth, lasts 1 week
28
Cold sores
Recurrence of herpes simplex at vermilion border
29
Eczema herpeticum
Life threatening | Punched out lesions
30
HSV1
Oral lesions, some genital lesions | Encephalitis
31
HSV2
Some genital lesions | Encephalitis
32
Viral swab
Red top
33
Antibody tests
Yellow top
34
Erythema multiforme
Target lesions with erythema | Drug reaction, herpes simplex, pneumonia
35
Molloscum contagiosum
Pearly nodules, central punctum Kids or STI Tx; self limiting, liquid nitrogen
36
Warts/verrucas
HPV 1-4 | Genital warts HPV 6 and 11
37
Treatment of wars/verrucas
Salicylic acid | Liquid nitrogen
38
Cervical cancer
HPV 16 and 18
39
Genital warts
HPV 6 and 11
40
Herpangina
Blistering rash back of mouth | Enterovirus (coxsackie, echovirus)
41
HFM disease
Kids, family outbreaks | Enterovirus (coxsackie)
42
Erythema infectiosum
Viral cause of rash and arthritis | Slapped cheek disease - parvovirus B19
43
Complications of parvovirus B19
``` Spontaneous abortion Aplastic anaemia (decreased Hb) ```
44
Invx of parvovirus B19
Antibody testing - yellow top
45
Orf
Firm fleshy nodule on farmers hands | Clinical diagnosis
46
Rubella (german measles)
Fever, sore throat, arthralgia, rash (blanching), lymphad | Petechial haemorrhages
47
Primary syphilis infection
Chancre (painless ulcer at site of entry)
48
Secondary syphilis infection
Red rash over body (palms and soles) | Snail track ulcers on mucus memrbanes
49
Tertiary syphilis infection
CNS, CVS, gummatous lesions | Treponema pallidum infection
50
Investigation of tertiary syphilis
Bloods | Or swab chancre for PCR
51
Treatment of tertiary syphilis
Penicillin
52
Lyme disease
``` Borrelia burgdorferi - ticks Erythema migrans (early) Heart block, nerve palsies, arthritis (late) ```
53
Treatment for lyme disease
Doxycycline (adults) | Amoxicillin (kids)
54
Diagnosis of lyme
Ab test (yellow top)
55
Measles
``` Fever, cough, rhinorrhoea, conjunctivitis, lymphad Koplik spots (white spots buccal mucosa) Rash starts on head and spreads down ```

Dermatology (10 decks)

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