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Dermatology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Treatment of warts

A

Topical keratolytic agents - salicylic acid, liquid nitrogen

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2
Q

Larger Km =

A

Better drug enters skin

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3
Q

Best type of drug for absorption

A

Lipophilic drug in hydrophilic base

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4
Q

What can enhance absorption of a drug?

A 
Excipient = increase solubility
Choose correct vehicle
Cling film (but no cover over steroids)
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5
Q

Glucocorticoids signal via ________ receptors

A

Nuclear

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6
Q

Where is steroid receptor?

A

In cytoplasm = has to move to nucleus = binds to SREs = transcription of specific genes

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7
Q

Creams

A

Semisolid emulsion of oil in water
Contain emulsifier and preservative
Non greasy, cool and moisturise

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8
Q

Ointments

A

Semisolid grease/oil
No preservative
Occlusive (restrict water loss) and emollient
Greasy

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9
Q

Lotion

A

Liquid
Suspension of solution in water/alcohol
May sting
For scalp/hair

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10
Q

Gel

A

Thickened aqueous solution
Semi-solid with high molecular weight polymer
Scalp/hair/face

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11
Q

Paste

A

Semisolid, finely powdered
Stiff, difficult to apply, messy, greasy
Protective, occlusive, hydrating
Leg ulcers

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12
Q

Emollients

A

Enhance rehydration
Scaly conditions - eczema/psoriasis
Frequent application
Soap substitutes

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13
Q

How much emollient to prescribe

A

300-500g weekly

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14
Q

Wet wraps

A

For xerotic skin (very dry)

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15
Q

Actions of corticosteroids

A

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-proliferative

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16
Q

What order do you prescribe steroid creams?

A

Dermovate 0.05%
Betnovate 0.1%
Eumovate 0.05%
Hydrocortisone 1%

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17
Q

What makes cold sores worse?

A

Steroids

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18
Q

1 fignertip unit

A

0.5g (covers 2 hand areas)

Whole body = 20-30g

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19
Q

Side effects of topical steroids

A 
Skin thinning
Stretch marks
Purpura
Telangiectasia
Perioral dermatitis
Rosacea
Infections
Rebound flare
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20
Q

Antiseptics

A

Bactericidal and bacteriostatic

Used for infections, wound irrigation

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21
Q

Examples of antiseptics

A 
Povidone iodine
Chlorhexidine
Potassium permanganate (weeping skin, pink)
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22
Q

Topical antibiotics for acne

A

Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline

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23
Q

Topical antibiotics for rosacea

A

Metronidazole

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24
Q

Topical antibiotics for impetigo

25
Treatment for candida
Nystatin | Clotrimazole
26
Treatment for dermatophytes (ringworm)
Clotrimazole | Terbinafine
27
Treatmetn for psityriasis versicolour (hypopig, yeast)
Ketoconazole
28
Antipruritics
Menthol (add to lotion, kidney/liver failure) Capsaicin (depletes substance P, post shingles) Camphor/phenol (pruritis ani)
29
Keratolytics
Viral warts, eczema, psoriasis, corns, calluses Salicylic acid Liquid nitrogen Silver nitrate
30
Topical psoriasis treatments
``` Coal tar Vit D analogue Keratolytic Topical steroid Dithranol ```
31
Treatment of stable chronic plaque psoriasis
Coal tar Vit D analogues Dithranol
32
Side effects of dithranol
Irritant/burning on non affected areas | Stains normal skin
33
Treatment for scalp psoriasis
Ointment Tar shampoo Steroids Vit D analogues
34
Treatment for psoriasis in genitals and axillae
Topical steroids | Antibacterial/antifungal
35
Imiquimod
Viral genital warts, verrucae BCC Bowen's (anti-viral, anti-tumour)
36
Calcineurin inhibitors
Suppress lymphocyte activation | Treats ectopic eczema
37
Example of calcineurin inhibitor
Tacrolimus
38
Side effects of calcineurin inhibitor
Burning sensation Cutaneous infection Skin cancer
39
Type I skin reaction
Anaphylaxis | Urticaria
40
Type II skin reaction
Pemphigus | Pemphigoid
41
Type III skin reaction
Purpura | Rash
42
Type IV skin reaction
Erythema | Rash
43
Risk factors for drug eruptions
``` Infants, elderly Females Genetics Viral infection Previous reaction ```
44
Exanthematous drug reaction
``` Most common Type IV T cell mediated delayed Symmetrical maculopapular rash Itch, fever Mucus membranes spared 4-21 days after taking drug ```
45
Indicators of severe allergic reaction
``` Mucus membranes Facial oedema and erythema Widespread confluent Fever Blisters, purpura, necrosis Arthralgia Lymphaden SOB/wheeze ```
46
Urticarial reaction
``` IgE mediated (type I) after rechallenge OR Direct release of inflammatory mediators on first exposure ```
47
Acne as reaction
Steroids Androgens (type III)
48
AGEP
Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis Type III - vesicular/bullous Antibiotics, CCBs, antimalarials
49
Drug induced bullous pemphigoid
Elderly Type III ACEI, penicillin, furosemide
50
Fixed drug eruptions
Well demarcated Erhythematous/purpura, red, pain, plaques, vesicles Hands, genitals, lips, oral mucosa Resolves with persistent pigmentation
51
TEN
Skin sloughs off | Hypovolaemia, hypothermia, systemically unwell
52
SJS
Form of TEN | Affects mucosa
53
DRESS
Drug reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms | Facial oedema, fever over 40
54
UV light acts on
Chromophore
55
Skin testing NOT indicated for:
Serum sickness reaction (type III) | T cell mediated (type IV)
56
Management of drug reaction
Stop drug Topical steroids Antihistamines Allergy bracelets
57
reversible steroid effects
``` Acne Perioral dermatitis (acne) Rosacea Decrease in response Pigment changes Poor wound healing Infection ```
58
Irreversible steroid effects
``` Striae Atrophy Bruising Glaucoma, cataract Poor wound healing Hirsutism ```

Dermatology (10 decks)

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