microbiology and immunity Flashcards
1
Q
what are the categories of microorganism that cause infeciton
A
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
- parasites - biggest
- prions - smallest
2
Q
common specimen types collected for culture
A
- Mid stream specimen of urine (MSSU) – urinary tract infection.
- Sputum – lower respiratory tract infection.
- Throat swab – tonsillitis / pharyngitis.
- Swabs – wound infection, genital tract infection.
- Faeces – infectious diarrhea.
- Blood culture – septicaemia (sepsis).
- Cerebrospinal fluid CSF) – meningitis.
- Aspirate of pus – abscess.
- Bone – osteomyelitis.
3
Q
basic infection control measures
A
- hand hygiene.
- respiratory and cough hygiene.
- PPE.
- safe management of care equipment.
- safe management of the environment.
- management of laundry.
- management of blood and body fluid spills.
- waste management
4
Q
basic infection control measures
A
- hand hygiene.
- respiratory and cough hygiene.
- PPE.
- safe management of care equipment.
- safe management of the environment.
- management of laundry.
- management of blood and body fluid spills.
- waste management
5
Q
characteritsics of gram positive bacteria
A
- stains purple in light microscopy
- peptidoglycan cell wall
6
Q
characteristics of gram negative bacteria
A
- stains red
- lipopolysaccharide cell wall
7
Q
what are consequences of a viral infection
A
clearance pf virus
chronic infection
latent infection
transformation
8
Q
mechanisms of viruses causing cancer
A
- Modulation of cell cycle control
- Modulation of apoptosis
- Reactive oxygen species mediated damage
9
Q
what are antivirals used for
A
- Prophylaxis
- Pre-emptive therapy
- Overt disease
- Suppressive therapy
