Microbiology Chapter 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
True or False: All bacteria are harmful to humans.
False.
Fill in the blank: The process by which bacteria reproduce is called __________.
Binary fission.
What structure protects bacterial cells from environmental stress?
The cell wall.
Which type of bacteria retain the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining procedure?
Gram-positive bacteria.
Define ‘pathogen’.
An organism that causes disease.
What is the primary function of the ribosome in a cell?
Protein synthesis.
Which microorganism is known for its role in fermentation?
Yeast.
True or False: Viruses can reproduce on their own.
False.
What is the term for the study of fungi?
Mycology.
What are the three main shapes of bacteria?
Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the bacteria that helps it move.
Flagella.
What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Which stain is used to identify mycobacteria?
Acid-fast stain.
What is the term for the transfer of genetic material between bacteria?
Horizontal gene transfer.
True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viruses.
False.
What is the primary mode of transmission for airborne pathogens?
Inhalation of droplets.
What does the term ‘aseptic technique’ refer to?
Methods used to prevent contamination by pathogens.
Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria.
What is the role of plasmids in bacteria?
To carry genes that provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a protective layer found outside the cell wall of some bacteria.
Capsule.
What is the purpose of the Gram staining technique?
To differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
What is the name of the process by which bacteria take in nutrients?
Absorption.
True or False: All protozoa are unicellular organisms.
True.
