Microbiology Important People

Question 1

discovered if two convex lenses were put together, it can be used to make small objects appear larger

Answer 1

Janssen

Question 2

coined the term “microscopio”

Answer 2

Faber

Question 3

• published Microgaphia which detailed his studies using the 25x microscope
• “cella” to describe cells as “great many little boxes”
• first person to describe and draw a microorganism

Answer 3

Hooke

Question 4

• came up with a 200x microscope
• described tiny living animals (protozoa and algae) as animalcules

Answer 4

Leeuwenhoek

Question 5

believed in the theory of miasma or bad air where origin of epidemics such as cholera, malaria, and plague were due to “bad air”

Answer 5

Naturalists

Question 6

• observed the mortality of pregnant women due to puerperal fever
• source of contagion must be from cadavers on which the medical students previously had been performing autopsies

Answer 6

Semmelweis

Question 7

“Father of Epidemiology”, discovered that cholera was waterborne and not spread by miasma through spot-mapping

Answer 7

Snow

Question 8

• “Father of Bacteriology”
• first to correctly explain that fermentation involves converting sugar into alcohol by yeasts in the absence of oxygen
• souring and spoilage of wine and dairy products is caused by bacteria
• pasteurization technique (heating the wine to 55 degrees C after fermentation but before aging
• proposed the GERM THEORY DISEASE where specific pathogens are responsible for specific infectious disease

Answer 8

Pasteur

Question 9

• verified the germ theory of disease through Koch’s postulates
• isolated a specific bacterial species from a diseased individual and demonstrate that the isolate organism caused the same disease to another host

Answer 9

Koch

Question 10

PASTEUR LAB
attenuated the bacterial cells of chicken cholera

Answer 10

Pasteur with Chamberland

Question 11

PASTEUR LAB
attenuation to anthrax - could protect the sheep against the disease

Answer 11

Pasteur

Question 12

PASTEUR LAB
began testing of experimental rabies vaccine

Answer 12

Roux

Question 13

PASTEUR LAB
gave the untested rabies vaccine to Joseph Meister - he recovered and remained healthy

Answer 13

Pasteur

Question 14

PASTEUR LAB
identified the diptheria toxin

Answer 14

Yersin & Roux

Question 15

PASTEUR LAB
discovered phagocytosis

Answer 15

Metchnikoff

Question 16

KOCH LAB
* identified and cultured Mycobaterium tuberculosis
* discovered Bacillus anthracis
* isolated Vibrio cholerae and confirmed Snow’s suspicion

Answer 16

Koch

Question 17

KOCH LAB
isolated Corynebacterium diptheriae (diptheria bacillus)

Answer 17

Loeffler

Question 18

KOCH LAB
cultivated the typhoid bacillus

Answer 18

Gaffky

Question 19

KOCH LAB
suggested some dyes might control bacterial infections

Answer 19

Ehrlich

Question 20

KOCH LAB
isolated Clostridium tetani

Answer 20

Kitasato

Question 21

KOCH LAB
Developed the diptheria antitoxin

Answer 21

Behring

Question 22

observed bacterial cells in leprosy patients

Answer 22

Hansen

Question 23

discovered Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 23

Neisser

Question 24

discovered that malaria is caused by a protozoan

Answer 24

Laveran

Question 25

discovered the bacterium responsible for infant diarrhea

Answer 25

Escherich

Question 26

identified a bacterial causative agent of meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

Answer 26

Pfeiffer

Question 27

independently discovered the bacterium causing plague (Yersinia pestis)

Answer 27

Kitasato (Koch Lab) and Yersin (Pasteur Lab)

Question 28

cultivated Bordetella pertussis (pertussis bacillus)

Answer 28

Bordet & Gengou