Microbiology lab Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
distinguishes among morphologically and biochemically related organisms; appearance may change
A
Differential
2
Q
inhibits one type of bacteria from growing while allowing growth of another
A
Selective media
3
Q
gram + grows well on this agar; just selective
A
PEA
4
Q
selective and differential; selective for halophiles; contains a sugar alcohol (mannitol); has pH indicator ____ ___
A
mannitol, phenol red
5
Q
bacteria that can ferment mannitol into acids will appear (amino acid fermenters on this plate will become fuchsia)
A
Yellow
6
Q
the salt concentration of mannitol inhibits most bacteria except _____
A
staphylococci
7
Q
macconkey agar contains ___ ____ which inhibits cell redox of ____ ___ bacteria
A
crystal violet, gram +
8
Q
macconkey has bile salts and ph indicator ___ ___, and favors _____ ferementers
A
neutral red, lactose
9
Q
the bile salts of the media will precipitate out and the neutral red will be absorbed into colony of lactose fermenters; growth can occur for non lactose gram - bacteria it just appears
A
tan
10
Q
____ partially inhibits growth of gram + bacteria; gram - is more abundant (lactose fermenters)
A
EMB
11
Q
E. coli makes a lot of lactic acid, the dyes from EMB will attach to colonies and create what color colonies
A
iridescent green
12
Q
non lactose fermenters in emb are ____ and slight lactose fermenters will be ____
A
colorless; pink
13
Q
sheeps blood is in ___ __
A
blood agar
14
Q
_____ grows well on blood agar
A
streptococcus
15
Q
strep make enzyme called hemolosin which ____ red blood cells
A
lysis
16
Q
growth but no lysis in media
A
gamma
17
Q
incomplete lysis, results in greenish halo
A
alpha
18
Q
complete lysis, media color is depleted (All red blood cells are cleared away)
A
beta
19
Q
oxygen labile are ____ in presence of oxygen (strep.)
A
inhibited
20
Q
YPD is a ____ media
A
yeast
21
Q
macconkey and EMB mostly show growth of ____
A
enterics
22
Q
corynebacterium is bacteria that causes the disease
A
diptheria
23
Q
s. mutans is gram _, _____; makes an enzyme that is called
A
+, cocci; dextransucrase
24
Q
dextransucrose can polymerize _____ into a large polymer ____
A
sucrose; dextran
25
L. bacillus acidophilus is gram ___, ____; produces lactic acid (at low pH causes by this denatl decay)
+, rod
26
1-6 linkage of glucose (dextran) is water ____
insoluble
27
sucrose can be taken and made into ___ and ___
glucose and fructose
28
lactobacilli works on ___ to make lactic acid ; but glucosyl transferase works on ___ to make dextran
fructose; glucose
29
the snydar agar tests for _____ (turns yellow in presence of acid)
lactobacilli
30
mitis salivarius looks for ___ bacteria in mouth
strep
31
the sucrose is 50x times higher than glucose on ____ plate
MSA
32
sucrose and glucose metabolizers like strep mutans grow very well on ___
MSA
33
serratia marcescens: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-2)
gram -; rod
34
escherichia coli: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-1)
gram -; rod
35
pseudomonas aeruginosa makes extracellular ____ pigment
green
36
pseudomonas aeruginosa: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-2)
gram - ; rod
37
staphylococcus aureus: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-2)
gram + ; coccus
38
bacillus cereus: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-1)
gram + ; rod
39
basic stains like methylene blue, carbol fuschin and crystal violet bind to ____ charged cell walls
negatively
40
a differential stain that differentiates between two main classes of bacteria based off the composition of their cell walls
gram stain
41
gram stain turns gram - what color
pink
42
bacillus subtilis: gram + or -; morphology?
gram + rod
43
staph aureus : gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-1)
gram + cocci (common component of healthy skin microbiome)
44
mycobacterium is a genus which contains diseases like
TB, leprosy
45
mycobacterium are identified using what stain
acid fast carbol fuchsin
46
____ ___ is soluble in mycobacterial cell wall with detergent and heat
carbol fuchsin
47
acid fast bacilli hold onto what stain
carbol fuschin
48
for acid fast staining what is the counter stain after decolorization with acid alcohol
methylene blue
49
what primary stain is used in spore staining (spores will hold onto this)
malachite green
50
what is the counter stain for spore staining
safranin
51
what bacteria species commonly has spores
clostridium
52
what is the primary stain in capsule staining
crystal violet
53
what do you wash crystal violet with in capsule stain
20% copper sulfate
54
what stain contains a basic (+) chromagen stains cell components
simple stains
55
negative stain uses
nigrosin
56
what stain uses an acidic (-) chromagen; no heat fixation and stains background
negative
57
staph epidermis: gram + or -; morphology?
gram + cocci
58
enterobacter aerogenes: gram + or -; morphology? hemolysis level
gram - ; rod; gamma
59
eterococcus faecalis: gram + or -; morphology? hemolysis level
gram -; cocci; beta
60
salmonella typhi: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-1)
gram -; rod
61
a. faecalis: gram + or -; morphology? hemolysis level
gram - ; rod ; alpha
62
steps to capsule staining
heat fix, CV, copper sulfate
63
steps to endospore staining
heat fix, malachite green, heat, safranin
64
what cell wall makes crystal violet stay attached
peptidoglycan
65
what is the name of the dormant state bacteria enters under stress
endospore
66
thick and waxy cell wall, makes staining hard
mycolic acid
67
which compound inhibits gram +
CV
68
halophillic fermenter grows with yellow halo on mannitol
staph. aureus
69
how do you tell the differece between staph epi and staph aureus
put them on mannitol; staph aureus is a mannitol fermenter, epi is not
70
this enzyme creates dextran leading to dental carries
glycosyl transferase (dextran sucrase)
71
bacteria needs what enzyme to break down gelatin
gelatinase
72
serratia produces ____ pigment @ what temp.
red; at room temp.
73
what is the red pigment serratia produces called
prodigiosin
74
what is the pigment that makes psuedomonas aeruginosa blue
Pyocyanin
75
cultures are stores at ___; why?
37°C, to allow for growth
76
stocks are kept at ___; why?
4°C , to stop further growth after initial growth
77
SAB and YPD are used for
yeast
78
what is the meningitis vaccine
menactra
79
what is the pH indicator in snydar agar
bromocresol green
80
the MSA plate is enriched by __ ___ and also has ___ ___ in it (used for strep)
crystal violet; trypan blue
81
what was used for HOMD project ___ rna
16s
82
EMB agar is used to differentiate between what enteric organisms
e coli and e aerogenes
83
this soil organism is gram negative and grows red colonies at room temp
S. Marcescens
84
blood agar is an example of which types of media
enriched and differential
85
what agar looks primarily for corynebacteria diptheriae
meuller-hinton tellurite
86
what agar looks for neisseria meningitis
chocolate agar
87
in the oxidase test for neisseria ____ __ oxidizes O2 to H2O
cytochrome C
88
NNDP + 02 -----> _____ + H20
indophenol blue
89
_____ is a gram + cocci which excretes an enzyme called dextransucrase
Strep. mutans
90
in aerobic resspiration ___ is the final electron receptor
oxygen
91
obligate aerobes are SOD and catalase
positive
92
obligate anaerobes are SOD and catalase
negative
93
facultative anaerobes like E. coli are SOD and catalase
positive
94
___ __ is used for catalase test of MSA plates which in the presense of catalase creates
hydrogen peroxide ;o2 gas
95
staph and micrococcus are catalase __
+
96
strep and enterococcus are catalase __
-
97
SOD and catalase are crucial for life in the presence of ___
o2
98
what enzyme is on the starch plate?
amylase
99
what bond is broken on starch plate and what products are produced?
glycosidic bond
glucose
100
what enzyme is on tributyrin agar?
lipase
101
what bonds were broken on tributyrin and what products are produced?
ester bonds
fatty acids/triglycerides
102
what enzyme is on the casein agar?
protease
103
what is the enzymatic reaction for casein and what products are produced?
peptide bonds
amino acids
104
what enzyme is on the gelatin agar?
gelatinase
105
what bonds are broken and what products are produced?
peptide bonds
amino acids
106
what enzyme is on the DNA agar?
DNAse
107
what bonds are broken and what products are produced on dna agar
phosphodiester
nucleic acids
108
what enzyme is on the indole agar
tryptophanase
109
what bonds are broken and what products are produced on indole agar
tryptophan
indole pyruvate + ammonia
110
what enzyme is on the simmons citrate agar
citrate permease
111
what bonds are broken and what products are produced on simmons citrate
citrate permeate
sodium carbonate
112
what enzyme is used in the SIM agar?
cysteine desulfurase
113
what bonds are broken and what products are produced
removal of sulfate
H2S
114
what enzyme is used in the SIM agar
thiosulfate reductase
115
what bonds are broken and products are produced
removal of sulfate
H2S
116
what enzyme is used in urea broth
urease
117
what bonds are broken and products are produced in urea
breaks down urea
CO2, ammonia, water
118
what enzyme is used in catalase test
catalase
119
what does catalase break down and produce
H2O2
creates O2 gas
120
what enzyme is produced from oxidase test
cytochrome C oxidase
121
what enzyme is produced on decarboxylation
lysine decarboxylase
122
what does decarboxylation use and produce
glucose
cadaverine + CO2
123
what enzyme is produced from phenylalanine
phenylalanine deaminase
124
what does phenylalanine break down and what does it produce
phenylalanine
phenol pyruvic acid & ammonia
125
what enzyme is on ONPG
beta-galactosidase
126
what is broken down on ONPG and produced
beta-galactosidase
O nitrophenol (yellow)
127
prevents transpeptidation of the N-acetylmuramic acids, producing a weakened peptidoglycan structure
penicillin
128
has an affinity for bacterial ribosomes, causing misreading of codons on mRNA, thereby interfering with protein synthesis
streptomyocin
129
has an affinity for bacterial ribosomes, preventing peptide bond formation between amino acids during protein synthesis
chloramphenicol
130
have an affinity for bacterial ribosomes; prevent hydrogen bonding between the anticodon on the tRNA--amino acid complex and the codon on the mRNA during protein synthesis
tetracyclines
131
inhibits cell-wall synthesis
bacitracin
132
destruction of cell membrane - destabilizes LPS lipopolysaccharide, increasing membrane permeability
polymyxin
133
inhibits RNA synthesis - Bacterial RNA polymerase
Rifampin
134
inhibits DNA synthesis - topoisomerase inhibitor
quinolone
