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Microbiology LAB final > STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 > Flashcards

STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Gm +

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2
Q

Bacillus subtilis

A

Gm +

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3
Q

Clostridium spp.

A

Gm+

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4
Q

Corynebacterium xerosis

A

Gm +

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5
Q

Enterobacteria aerogenes

A

Gm -

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6
Q

Enterococcus faecalis

A

Gm -

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7
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Gm -

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7
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BSL2)

A

Gm-

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8
Q

Micrococcus luteus

A

Gm+

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8
Q

Mycobacterium smegmatis

A

Gm +

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9
Q

Salmonella typhymurium

A

Gm+

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10
Q

Serratia marcescens

A

Gm-

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11
Q

Staph aureus (BSL2)

A

Gm+

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12
Q

Staph epidermidis

A

Gm+

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13
Q

Strep mitis

A

Gm+

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14
Q

Strep mutans

A

Gm+

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15
Q

Strep salivarius

A

Gm+

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16
Q

Strep sanguis

A

Gm+

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17
Q

special methods used to minimize contamination when handling microorganisms

A

aseptic technique

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18
Q

microorganisms are transferred from one medium to another for fresh growth

A

subculturing

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19
Q

GRAM STAIN: what is the primary stain?

A

crystal violet

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20
Q

GRAM STAIN: what is the mordant?

A

iodine

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21
Q

GRAM STAIN: what is the destain?

A

alcohol wash

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22
Q

GRAM STAIN: what is the counterstain?

A

safranin

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23
Q

GRAM STAIN: what species are used?

A

Staph aureus +
E. coli -
B. cereus +

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24
Q

ACID FAST STAIN: what is the primary stain?

A

carbol fuchsin + triton X detergent

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25
Q

ACID FAST STAIN: what is the destain?

A

acid alcohol

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26
Q

ACID FAST STAIN: what is the counterstain?

A

methylene blue

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27
Q

ACID FAST STAIN: species

A

M. smegmatis
staph aureus

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28
Q

ACID FAST STAIN: what color do acid-fast organisms stain?

A

red/pink

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29
Q

ACID FAST STAIN: what color do non-acid fast organisms stain?

A

blue

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30
Q

SPORE STAIN: primary stain

A

malachite green

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31
Q

SPORE STAIN: destain

A

heat/water

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32
Q

SPORE STAIN: counterstain

A

safranin

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33
Q

SPORE STAIN: species

A

clostridium & bacillus

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34
Q

SPORE STAIN: what color do the spores remain with heat?

A

malachite green

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35
Q

CAPSULE STAIN: primary

A

crystal violet

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36
Q

CAPSULE STAIN: counterstain

A

copper sulfate

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37
Q

CAPSULE STAIN: species

A

Klebsiella pneuonia

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38
Q

The properties of the bacterial cell wall determine how the bacterial cell will retain different _____

A

stains

39
Q

inhibits the growth of one type of bacteria while allowing the growth of another.
facilitates bacterial isolation

A

selective media

40
Q

examples of selective media

A

phenylethyl alcohol agar

41
Q

distinguishes among morphologically & biochemically related organisms
may change bacteria phenotype, or the appearance of the media may change as a result of bacterial metabolism

A

differential media

42
Q

PEA: what makes it selective?

A

gram + species grow well

43
Q

PEA: selective for

A

S aureus (gm + organisms)

44
Q

PEA: inhibits

A

E. coli (gm -)

45
Q

PEA: what species grows?

A

S. aureus

46
Q

PEA: what species is inhibited?

A

E. coli

47
Q

PEA: genus & species

A

E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus

48
Q

MANNITOL SALT: what makes it selective?

A

Salt concentration

49
Q

MANNITOL SALT: selective for

A

halophiles & staph

50
Q

MANNITOL SALT: inhibits

A

bacterial growth (besides staph)

51
Q

MANNITOL SALT: carbohydrate

A

mannitol

52
Q

MANNITOL SALT: indicator

A

phenol red

53
Q

MANNITOL SALT: appearance for pH

A

pH below 6.8 = yellow (fermenters)
pH at 6.8 - 8.2 = red (non-fermenters)
pH 8.2 and above = fuschia

54
Q

MacConkey: what makes it selective?

A

contains crystal violet- inhibits cell redox

55
Q

MacConkey: selective for

A

gm - bacteria

56
Q

MacConkey: inhibits

A

growth of gm +

57
Q

MacConkey: carbohydrate

A

lactose

58
Q

MacConkey: indicator

A

neutral red

59
Q

MacConkey: appearance

A

fermenters = pink (bile salts ppt out, neutral red absorbed onto colony: E. coli)
non-fermenters = tan (salmonella typhi)

60
Q

EMB: what makes it selective?

A

lactose fermentation

61
Q

EMB: selective for

A

gm - bacteria

62
Q

EMB: inhibits

A

growth of gm + bacteria

63
Q

EMB: carbohydrate

A

lactose

64
Q

EMB: indicator

A

methylene blue

65
Q

EMB: appearance

A

E. coli is metallic green: high lactic acid dyes into surface of colony

lactose fermenter are thick & pink (enterobacter aerogens)

non-lactose fermenters are colorless (S. typhi)

66
Q

complete lysis, media is color depleted

A

beta

66
Q

example of beta

A

Strep lancefield
Staph aureus

67
Q

incomplete lysis, results in greenish halo around bacteria

A

alpha

68
Q

example of alpha

A

Strep mitis
Strep pneumonia

69
Q

no lysis, no change in media

A

gamma

70
Q

example of gamma

A

Strep salivarius
E. faecalis

71
Q

Known ingredients in carefully measured concentrations, typically a single sugar as the carbon and
energy source, maybe an inorganic nitrogen source, various mineral salts and/or growth factors.
The exact chemical composition of the medium is known. Example: Glucose salt broth

A

defined

72
Q

Protein: partially digested organic material from soy, yeast, or animal proteins (peptone and
tryptone) from milk or meat. Glucose or other sugars are the main carbon and energy source. The
combination of peptides + sugar creates a medium rich in organic nutrients and minerals. The exact
chemical composition is unknown. Example: TS (Tryptic Soy), Beef heart infusion broth

A

complex

73
Q

Can be complex or chemically defined but is supplemented with growth-promoting or growth-
inhibiting additives to encourage or suppress growth. The additives may be species- or organism-
selective. Example: PEA agar, Crystal Violet Agar

A

selective

74
Q

Contains a dye or indicator that can be used to distinguish one organism from another on the same
plate. Examples: Mannitol Salt, MacConkey, EMB (all are Selective and Differential)

A

differential

75
Q

Contains added components (like RBCs or Fetal Calf Serum) to encourage the growth of fastidious
organisms needing a rich nutritional environment. Example: Blood Agar (Enriched and Differential)

A

enriched

76
Q

species that is an example of gamma hemolysis

A

enterobacter aerogenes (klebsiella aerogenes)

77
Q

species that is an example of beta hemolysis

A

enterococcus faecalis (BSL2)

78
Q

species that is an example of alpha hemolysis

A

alcaligenes faecalis

79
Q

what species forms beta hemolysis around the colonies of streptococci grown under routine aerobic positions

A

streptolysin S

80
Q

what species is oxygen-labile (O2 kills it)

A

streptolysin O

81
Q

what species is oxygen stable?

A

streptolysin S

82
Q

(Gm+ cocci) excretes an enzyme called
dextransucrase (glycosyl transferase), which
polymerizes sucrose into a large polymer, dextran
(dental plaque), plus fructose.

A

S. mutans

83
Q

clings to the teeth and forms dental plaque,
in which bacteria reside and ferment fructose with
the formation of lactic acid = Dental caries

A

dextran

84
Q

(Gm+ rod) produces lactic acid and
other organic acids that reduce the oral acid
concentration to a pH of less than 5. At this pH,
decalcification occurs and dental decay begins

A

L. acidophilus

85
Q

SNYDER AGAR: is it selective, differential, enriched?

A

differential

86
Q

SNYDER AGAR: what is it selective for?

A

lactobacillus in saliva

87
Q

SNYDER AGAR: inhibits

A

growth of other bacteria

88
Q

SNYDER AGAR: species

A

S. mutans
L. acidophilus

89
Q

what does MSAT metabolize?

A

sucrose & glucose

90
Q

MSAT: produces gummy mucoid colonies

A

strep salivarius

91
Q

produces undulate colonies, with a granular
“Frosted-glass/Blue crystal”
appearance due to dextran synthesis

A

Strep mutans

92
Q

MSAT: metabolize glucose only

A

strep mitis
enterococcus

93
Q

are small, flat,
light blue.

A

strep mitis

94
Q

are small,
and reduce tellurite to
produce dark, blue-black
colonies

A

enterococcus

95
Q

Streptococcus mutans results in glucose and fructose. The glucose is then converted into dextran by Streptococcus mutans, while the fructose is converted into lactic acid by Lactobacilli. The Oxidase test is used to detect the presence of cytochrome c oxidase.

A

degradation of sucrose

Microbiology LAB final (3 decks)

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