microbiology part four

Question 1

What is epidemiology?

Answer 1

the study of the frequency and distribution of disease and the factors that contribute to their spread

Question 2

What is Endemic?

Answer 2

when disease is present in the population in particular limited geographical areas

Question 3

What is epidemic?

Answer 3

when disease show high incidence in a wider area, usually developing from an endemic focus

Question 4

What is a pandemic?

Answer 4

diseases that are distributed worldwide

Question 5

What is a sporadic disease?

Answer 5

is neither an endemic nor epidemic but occurs only occasionally

Question 6

What is a reservoir infection

Answer 6

the site where the pathogen can multiply or survive until it is transferred to its host.

Question 7

common source?

Answer 7

epidemic results from an infection of a large number of people from a contaminated source such as food or water

Question 8

Nosocomial infections are?

Answer 8

contracted from a medical facility

Question 9

There are four stages of an infectious disease, what happens during the first stage; the incubation period?

Answer 9

this is the time between the acquisition of the organism and the beginning of symptoms. Can vary from hours to weeks.

Question 10

There are four stages of an infectious disease, what happens in the second stage; the Prodrome period?

Answer 10

no specific symptoms such as fever and loss of appetite occur

Question 11

There are four stages to an infectious disease, what happens in the third stage; the specific illness period?

Answer 11

the overt characteristic signs and symptoms of the specific disease occur

Question 12

There are four stages of an infectious disease, what happens in the fourth stage; the recovery period?

Answer 12

the illness abates and the payient returns to a healthy state

Question 13

what are the four stages of an infectious disease?

Answer 13

• the incubation period
• the prodrome period
• the specific illness period
• the recovery period

Question 14

What is an anaerobe?

Answer 14

any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. it may even react negtively or die if oxygen is present.

Question 15

what is an obligative anaerobe?

Answer 15

organisms that are harmed by the presence of oxygen?

Question 16

what is an areotolerant organism?

Answer 16

organisms that cannot use oxygen for growth but tolerate its presence

Question 17

What is a faculative anaerobe?

Answer 17

organisms that can grow without oxygen but will use it if its present

Question 18

what is an obligate aerobe?

Answer 18

needs oxygen as it cannoit respire anaerobically

Question 19

what are microaerophiles?

Answer 19

need oxygen as they cannot respire anaerobically, but are poisoned by a high oxygen concentration.