microbiologyss_20200626142001 Flashcards
(424 cards)
1
Q
Nomal cell mediated; Low levels of all immunoglobulins; tyrosine kinase deficiency
A
x-Linked agammaglobulinemia/Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia
2
Q
6 mos male infant; recurrent pyogenic and enteroviral infections; recurrent giardiasis
A
x-Linked agammaglobulinemia/Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia
3
Q
Failure of isotype switching; do not give gamma globulin
A
Selective IgA deficiency
4
Q
Defect in B-cell maturation to plasma cells; Most common form of severe antibody deficiency affecting both children and adults
A
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
5
Q
CATCH 22 = DiGeorge Syndrome
A
Cardiac Anomalies (TOF); Abnormal Fascies; Thymic aplasia; Cleft Palate; Hypocalcemia; 22q11.2 Chromosomal Deletion
6
Q
specific T-cell defeciency for Candida Albicans
A
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
7
Q
X-linked defect in IL-2 receptors in T-cells
A
SCID
8
Q
autosomal Adenosine deaminase deficiency
A
SCID
9
Q
Inability to mount IgM response
A
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
10
Q
WASP Gene Mutation (how do you TIE a WASP?)
A
Thrombocytopenia, Infections, Eczema, WASP Mutation)
11
Q
ATI of Ataxia-Telangiectasia
A
Ataxia, Telangectasia, IgA deficiency
12
Q
Lack of NADPH Oxidase activity; Failure of oxidative burst
A
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
13
Q
Diagnostic Test for Chronic Granulomatous Disease
A
Nitroblue Tetrazolium
14
Q
Autosomal recessive; failure of phaglysosomal fusion presenting as recurrent pyogenic infections caused by staph and strep
A
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
15
Q
Mutation in integrins; defective adhesion (LFA-1) proteins on the surface phagocytes
A
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
16
Q
Most common complement defect
A
C2 deficiency
17
Q
c5-c9 deficiency
A
Terminal complement deficiency
18
Q
Egg Yolk Agar
A
Clostridium perfringens
19
Q
Tellurite
A
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
20
Q
Bile Esculin
A
Group D Streptococci
21
Q
Mannitol Salts
A
Staphylococci
22
Q
Chocolate Agar
A
Neisseria from Sterile Sites (N. meningitidis & N, gonorrhoeae)
23
Q
Thayer Martin
A
Neisseria from nonsterile sites
24
Q
Chocolate agar + Factors 5 and 10
A
Haemophilus influenzae
25
Lowenstein Jenses/Middlebrook
Mycobacterium tberculosis
26
Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TBCS)
Vibrio cholerae
27
Bordet-Gengou/Regan-Lowe
Bordetella pertussis
28
Charcoal-yeast extract ( iron+cysteine)
Legionella pneumophila
29
Skirrows
Campylobacter, Helicobacter
30
Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)
Borrelia burgdorferi
31
Eaton
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
32
Cetrimide
Pseudomonas aeuroginosa
33
Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate(XLD)/SSA
Salmonella, Shigella
34
Fletcher's/Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH)
Leptospira interrogans
35
Chocolate Agar + Factor 10 only
Haemophilus ducreyi
36
DOC for meningococcemia (N meningitidis)
Pen G
37
DOC for typhoid fever in the Phils
Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole; Chloramphenicol
38
DOC for shortening duration of cholera
azithromycin or tetracycline
39
DOC for shigella
ciprofloxacin
40
DOC for SEVERE campylobacter infection (otherwise, supportive measures only)
erythromycin
41
DOC for proteus
TMP-SMX or ampicillin
42
DOC for pertussis
erythromycin
43
DOC for legionella
azithromycin or erythromycin
44
DOC for kleb pneumonia
cephalosporin +/- aminoglycoside
45
DOC for haemophilus
ceftriaxone
46
DOC for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone + doxycycline (due to frequent co-infection with chlamydia)
47
DOC for bacteroides fragilis
metronidazole, clindamycin, cefoxitin
48
DOC for listeria
ampicillin with or without gentamicin
49
DOC for inhalational/gastrointestinal anthrax
cipro/doxycycline plus one/two addtnl antibx (rifampin, vanco, pen, imipenem, clinda, clarith)
50
DOC for diphtheria
pen g and antitoxin
51
DOC for cutaneous anthrax
ciprofloxacin
52
DOC for clostridium tetani
metronidazole
53
DOC for Vancomycin RSA
Linezolid
54
DOC for PSGN
Pen G
55
DOC for MRSA
Vancomycin
56
DOC for brucellosis (undulating fever)
Doxycycline + rifampin
57
DOC for tularemia
streptomycin or gentamicin
58
DOC for pasteurella
Pen G
59
DOC for yersinina
Streptomycin and tetracycline
60
DOC for MAI, MAC
Azithromycin
61
DOC for tuberculoid leprosy
Dapsone and rifampin
62
DOC for lepromatous leprosy
Dapsone, Rifampin, and clofazimine
63
DOC for erythema nodosum leprosum
Thalidomide
64
DOC for actinomyces
Pen G + Drainage
65
DOC for nocardia
TMP SMX + drainage
66
DOC for mycoplasma
eryhthromycin or azithromycin
67
DOC for syphillis
Pen G
68
DOC for Lyme Disease (Borrelia)
Doxycycline (alternative: amox or cefuroxime)
69
DOC for relapsing fever (B. Recurentis)
Tetracycline or eryhromycin
70
DOC for leptospirosis
Pen G
71
DOC for chlamydia
Azithromycin
72
DOC for chlamydia conjuctivitis
erythromycin
73
DOC for LG venereum
doxycycline
74
DOC for psittacosis
Azithromycin
75
DOC for cat scratch disease
doxycycline
76
DOC for ehrlichosis
doxycycline
77
DOC for bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole
78
DOC for chancroid
azithromycin or ceftriaxone
79
DOC for klebsiella granulomatis
azithromycin
80
non-motile, box-car shaped
bacillus anthracis
81
motile, heated fried rice
bacillus cereus
82
tennis racket like (terminal spore)
clostridium tetani
83
bulging cans
clostridium botilinum
84
lechitinase, gas forming
clostridium perfringens
85
anaerobic, pseudomembranes
clostridium difficile
86
aerobic, motile, chinese character
corynebacterium diphtheriae
87
aerobic, tumbling motility
listeria monocytogenes
88
Medussa head morphology
bacillus anthracis
89
woolsorter's disease
bacillus anthracis
90
protective antigen + edema factor =
edema toxin of b. anthracis
91
protective antigen + lethal factor =
lethal toxin
92
DOC for cutaneous anthrax
ciprofloxacin
93
DOC for inhalational/gastrointestinal anthrax
cipro/doxycycline plus one/two addtnl antibx (rifampin, vanco, pen, imipenem, clinda, clarith)
94
DOC for clostridium tetani
metronidazole
95
Triad of Botulism
1. Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis; 2. No fever; 3. intact sensorium
96
double hemolysis on blood agar
clostridium perfringens
97
Toxin for gas gangrene of c. perfringens
alpha toxin
98
pseudomembranous colitis
clostridium difficile
99
pseudomembranous pharyngitis
corynebacterium diphtheriae
100
pseudomembranous esophagitis
candida albicans
101
Elongation Factor 2
corynebacterium diphtheriae
102
ABCDE of prophage encoded toxins
shigA toxin; Botulinum; Cholera; Diptheria; Erythrogenic toxin (s. pyogenes)
103
DOC for diphtheria
pen g and antitoxin
104
DOC for listeria
ampicillin with or without gentamicin
105
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Dog Ticks (Dermacentor - like erlichosis)
106
Plague (Yersinia)
Flea
107
Pasteurella
Dog and Cat Bites
108
Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis)
109
Relapsing Fever (Borrelia recurentis)
Human body louse (Pediculus humanus)
110
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)
Ticks (deer ticks - same with lyme disease)
111
Rickettsial pox (Rickettsia akari)
Mites (chiggers) - like scrub typhus
112
Epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii)
Body Louse (like relapsing fever)
113
Endemic typhus (Rickettsia typhi)
Rat flea
114
Scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsumagushi)
Mites (chiggers) - like rickettsial pox
115
Q fever (Coxiella burnetti)
NONE
116
Ehrlichosis (Ehrlichia chaffeensis)
Dog Ticks (Dermacentor - like tularemia)
117
Ferments Maltose and Glucose
N. meningitidis
118
Ferments Glucose only
N. gonorrhoeae
119
MCC of meningitis among 2-18yo
N. meningitidis (recall: BEL for neonates; NHS for infants)
120
fever, shock, purpura, DIC, thrombocytopenia, ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Waterhouse Frriderichsen Syndrome (most severe form of meningococcemia)
121
DOC for meningococcemia (N meningitidis)
Pen G
122
Strains included in capsular polysaccharide vaccine for meningococcemia
A, C, Y, W-135
123
Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts of meningococcemia
Rifampin
124
MCC of urethritis
N. gonorrhoeae
125
MCC of PID
N. gonorrhoeae
126
Violin string adhesions (perihepatitis)
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
127
MCC of septic arthritis in sexually active adults
N. gonorrhoeae
128
DOC for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone + doxycycline (due to frequent co-infection with chlamydia)
129
HACEK organisms causinf culture negative subacute bacterial endocarditis
Haemophilus aphrophilus; Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Cardiobacterium hominis; Eikenella corrodens; Kingella kingae
130
Satellite phenomenon around s. aureus colonies
haemophilus influenzae
131
Factors added to chocolate agar for H influenzae cultures
Factors 5(NAD) and 10 (hemin)
132
Cherry red epiglottis, Thumb sign
Epiglottitis
133
MCC of epiglotittis
haemophilus influenzae
134
DOC for haemophilus
ceftriaxone
135
Cause of laryngotracheobronchitis
parainfluenza 1 and 2
136
Steeple Sign
laryngotracheobronchitis
137
Tx for laryngotracheobronchitis
racemic epinephrine
138
DOC for pertussis
erythromycin
139
Silver stain, charcoal yeast extract agar (iron and cysteine)
Legionella
140
Phases of pertussis
Incubation; Catarrhal (Mucuos membrane - highest bacterial load); Paroxysmal (whooping); Convalescent
141
Cause of Pontiac fever (mild, flulike illness)
Legionella
142
DOC for legionella
azithromycin or erythromycin
143
lactose fermenter, characteristic "green sheen" on EMB Agar
escherichia coli
144
urease positive, ESBL
klebsiella pneumoniae
145
comma shaped, motile, oxidase positive
Vibrio (other comma - helicobacter, campylobacter and corynebacterium)
146
Non-lactose fermenters gram negative rods (4)
Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Pseudomonas
147
H2S producer, Nonlactose fermenter
Salmonella (shigella = no H2s)
148
Swarming motiity
Proteus mirabilis
149
Lactose fermenter (SEEK laCtose)
Serratia, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter)
150
MCC of community acquired UTI
E. coli
151
E coli: Watery diarrhea
ETEC
152
E coli: Pedia, Philippines (developing), Prolonged
EPEC
153
E coli: Bloody diarrhea, Hemorrhagic colitis, HUS
EHEC
154
E coli: Bloody diarrhea
EIEC
155
E coli: HIV, persistent diarrhea
EAEC
156
Typhoid fever is due to _____ antigen
Vi capsular antigen
157
Culture source for salmonella for all 5 weeks
Bone marrow!
158
Preferred culture sources for first 3 weeks
B-U-S: 1-Blood; 2-Urine; 3-Stool
159
DOC for typhoid fever in the Phils
Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole; Chloramphenicol
160
Preferred site invasion of shigella
distal ileum and colon
161
MCC of bacillary dysentery
Shigella sonnei/Dural's bacillus
162
MCC of epidemic dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae 1/Shiga bacillus
163
Most severe form of bacillary dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae 1/Shiga bacillus
164
DOC for shigella
ciprofloxacin
165
shooting star motility
vibrio cholerae
166
strain of cholera causing pandemics
Cholera El Tor (Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor)
167
DOC for shortening duration of cholera
azithromycin or tetracycline
168
MCC of bacterial gastroenteritis
campylobacter jejuni
169
uncooked chicken = (no, it's not salmonella)
campylobacter jejuni
170
Antigenic cross reactivity between oligosaccharide in campylobacter capsule and glycosphingolipids of neural tissues
Guillan-Barre Syndrome
171
Urethritis, Uveitis, and Arthritis
Reiter's Syndrome (reactive with campylobacter jejuni)
172
DOC for SEVERE campylobacter infection (otherwise, supportive measures only)
erythromycin
173
Test used to document cure of H. pylori
Urease breath test
174
Triple therapy
Bismuth+Metro+Tetracycline; Omep+Metro/amox+clarithromycin; Ranitidine+Tetracycline+clarith/metronidazole
175
Quadruple therapy
Omep+bismuth+tertacycline+Metronidazole
176
MCC of pneumonia in alcoholics
klebsiella pneumoniae
177
Currant jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumoniae
178
DOC for kleb pneumonia
cephalosporin +/- aminoglycoside
179
Struvite stones =
Proteus mirabilis (alkalinizes urine)
180
composition of struvite stones
Magnesium--Ammonium--Phosphate
181
DOC for proteus
TMP-SMX or ampicillin
182
Sweet grape like odor
Pseudomonas
183
hot tub folliculitis
Pseudomonas
184
MCC of otitis externa
Pseudomonas
185
MCC of malignant otitis externa in diabetics
Pseudomonas
186
MCC of CSOM
Pseudomonas
187
Pneumonia in patients with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, think of…
Pseudomonas
188
Third most common cause of NOSOCOMIAL UTIs
Pseudomonas
189
Hemorrhagic lesions (oval)
Pseudomonas - Eccthyma h=gangrenosum
190
Antipseudomonal penicillins (2)
Ticarcillin and piperacillin
191
Cephalosporin with antipseudomonal activity
Ceftazidime (3rd) and Cefepime (4th)
192
Monobactam with antipseudomonal activity
Aztreonam
193
Carbapenems with antipseudomonal activity
Imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem
194
Fluoroquinolone with antipseudomonal activity
ciprofloxacin
195
Predominant anaerobe of human colon
bacteroides fragilis
196
DOC for bacteroides
metronidazole, clindamycin, or cefoxitin
197
All bacteria have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan EXCEPT
Mycoplasma
198
Endotoxin/LPS is consisted of (2)
Lipid A and Antigen O
199
all gram positive bacteria have NO endotoxin EXCEPT
Listeria monocytogenes
200
bacteria not seen in gram stain (These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color)
Treponema, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, Mycobacterium, Legionella, Chlamydia
201
Obligate Aerobes (NOsy and Nagging Pests Must Breathe Lots of oxygen)
Nocardia, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria, Bordetella/Brucella/Bacillus cereus, Legionella
202
Obligate Anaerobes (ABC of Anaerobes)
Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium
203
Bacteria with IgA protease (SHiNe My Gong)
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria Meningitidis; Neisseria gonorrhea
204
all exotoxins are heat-labile EXCEPT
Staphylococcal enterotoxin
205
all bacterial capsules are composed of polsaccharide EXCEPT
Bacillus anthracis
206
Facultative Intracellular Bacteria
(Some Bugs May Live FacultativeLY) - Salmonella, Brucella, Myobacterium, Listeria, Franciscella, Legionella, Yersinia
207
Urease positive Bacteria
(Particular Kinds Have Urease) - Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiela, Helicobacter, Ureaplasma
208
Obligate intracellular Bacteria
Ricketssia and Chlamydia (Go inside, it's "R"eally "C"old!)
209
Virulence Factors of Staph aureus
Exfoliatin, Heat Stable Enterotoxin; TSST-1; Alpha Toxin
210
Test for susceptibility for scarlet fever
Dick Test
211
TEN aka
lyell disease
212
Tampon… Nasal packing..
Toxic Shock Syndrome of Staph aureus
213
Scaled Skin Syndrome aka
Ritter Syndrome
214
Rust colored sputum, lobar distribution
Strep pneumoniae
215
Produces scarlet fever
Erythrogenic toxin
216
Potato Salad, Mayonaisse
Staph aureus
217
OVERPaSs
Optochin: Viridans Resistant; Pneumoniae Sensitive
218
Novobiocin sensitive staph
Staph Epidermidis
219
NO StRES
Novobiocin: Saprophyticus Resistant; Epidermidis Sensitive
220
Most common cause of acure endocarditis
Staph aureus
221
MCC of Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections
Staph Epidermidis
222
MCC of subacute bacterial endocarditis and native valve endocarditis
Strep sanguis
223
MCC of septic arthritis in prosthetic joints
Staph Epidermidis
224
MCC of prosthetic valve endocarditis
Staph Epidermidis
225
MCC of otitis media
Strep pneumoniae
226
MCC of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis
Group B strep (agalactiae) - ***recall BEL -group B, Escherichia, Listeria
227
MCC of CAP
Strep pneumoniae
228
MCC of bacterial sore throat
Strep pyogenes
229
Lancet shaped gram positive diplococci
Strep pneumoniae
230
Honey-colored crust, may cause post strep GN
Impetigo contagiosa
231
For TEN, separation of skin layers occurs at the
Dermo-epidermal junction
232
For SSS, separation of the epidermis occurs at the
granulosa layer
233
focus of osteomyelities arising in the metaphyseal area of a long bone caused by staph aureus
Brodie's abscess
234
fever, strawberry tongue, centrigual sand-paper like rash, pastia's lines of desquamation
scarlet fever
235
fever, hypotension, strawberry tongue, desquamating rash
Toxic Shock Syndrome of Staph aureus
236
Encapsulated Bacteria (Some Killers Have Pretty Nice and Shiny Bodies)
Strep pneumoniae, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella typhi, B group streptococci
237
DOC for Vancomycin RSA
Linezolid
238
DOC for PSGN
Pen G
239
DOC for MRSA
Vancomycin
240
Causes MARANTIC endocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy
Streptococcus bovis
241
Causes endocarditis in patients who underwent GIT surgery
Enterococcus faecalis (group D)
242
BRAS
Bacitracin: group B resistant (agalactiae); group A sensitive (A=pyogenes)
243
Bile Optochin
Sensitive: strep pneumoniae; Resistant; strep viridans
244
2nd most common cause of UTIs in sexually active women
Staph saprophyticus
245
(+) test: red compound that can differentiate pyogenes and group D from other strep
PYR Test
246
Zoonoses (4) - Bugs From Your Pets
Brucella abortus, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Pasteurella multocida
247
Undulating fever is caused by
Brucella abortus
248
Source of Brucella
Unpasteurized dairy products (Unpas=Undulating fever)
249
DOC for brucellosis (undulating fever)
Doxycycline + rifampin
250
Tularemia is caused by
Franciscella tularensis
251
DOC for tularemia
streptomycin or gentamicin
252
Transmission of tularemia
TICKS (Dermacentor - same with erlichosis), Aerosols, Contact, Ingestions
253
Most virulent bacteria
Yersinia pestis
254
small, gram negative rods with bipolar staining (safety pin) - 2 answers
Yersinia pestis and Pasteurella multocida
255
Yersinia pestis causes
plague - bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic
256
Transmission of yersinia
Flea bite/inhalation
257
Buttery colonies with musty odor due to indole production
pasteurella multocida
258
Reservoir of yersinia
wild rodents
259
resorvoir of pasteurella
cats and dogs
260
transmission of pasteurella
animal bites
261
DOC for pasteurella
Pen G
262
reservoir of francisella
rabbits, deers, rodents
263
DOC for yersinina
Streptomycin and tetracycline
264
TB: Prevents leukocycte migration
Cord Factor (most impt virulence factor of TB)
265
TB: subpleural granuloma
Ghon's focus
266
TB: Ghon's + LN
Ghon's complex
267
TB: Radiologically detectable calcification
Ranke's complex
268
TB: Reactivation focus
Simon's Focus
269
(+) PPD for HIV, AIDS, old TB, immunocompromised
>5mm
270
(+) PPD for HR population
>10mm
271
(+) PPD for LR population
>15mm
272
TB: Completed DOTS -> Declared NEG -> Positive again
Relapse
273
TB: Remained smear positive at the end or after tx
Failure
274
TB: tx was interrupted for 2 consecutive months
Defaulter
275
TB: Cat I - New smear positive
2HRZE + 4HR
276
TB: Cat II - Relapse, Failure, Defaulter
2HRZES & 1 HRZE; 5 HRE
277
TB: Cat III - New smear neg other than cat I, Less severe extrapulmonary TB
2HRZE + 4HR
278
Other use of BCG other than for dTB
Prevention of urinary bladder CA
279
TB: causes pulmonary disease in AIDS patient with CD4
Mycobacterium avium-Intracellulare Complex
280
DOC for MAI, MAC
Azithromycin
281
Fite Ferraco Staining is for…
Mycobacterium leprae (Nocardia - weakly staining also)
282
hypopigmented plaques, thickened superficial nerves, significant anesthesia
Tuberculoid leprosy
283
DOC for tuberculoid leprosy
Dapsone and rifampin
284
DOC for lepromatous leprosy
Dapsone, Rifampin, and clofazimine
285
DOC for erythema nodosum leprosum
Thalidomide
286
hard, nontender swelling with sinus tracts draining SULFUR GRANULES
Actinomyces israelli
287
DOC for actinomyces
Pen G + Drainage
288
Orange colonies
Nocardia asteroides
289
gram positive rods with aerial hyphae
Nocardia asteroides
290
Mycetomas
Nocardia asteroides
291
DOC for nocardia
TMP SMX + drainage
292
Smallest free living organism
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
293
Autoantibodies against RED CELLS and BRAIN, LUNG, and LIVER cells
Cold Agglutinins of mycoplasma
294
Walking pneumonia (MCC of atypical pneumonia)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
295
MCC of infectious cause of SJS
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
296
DOC for mycoplasma
eryhthromycin or azithromycin
297
Causes Chancre
Treponema pallidum
298
Causes chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
299
Condyloma lata, macupapular rash, fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, lymphadenopathy
secondary syphilis
300
Clinical spectrum of tertiary syphillis
Gummas, neurosyphillis, aortitis
301
Most important diagnostic test for primary syphilis
Dark field microscopy
302
Screening test for syphillis
RPR/VDRL
303
Confirmatory test for syphillis
FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption)
304
Snuffles, Mulberry molars, Hutchinson triad, saber shins, rhagades, Higoumenakis sign, clutton's joints
Congenital syphilis
305
Hutchinson triad
Hutchinson teeth; deafness; keratitis
306
unilateral enlargement of sternoclavicular portion of the clavicle
Higoumenakis Sign
307
False positive VDRL results
V-D-R-L: Viruses, Drugs (marijuana), RF/Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus/Leprosy
308
DOC for syphillis
Pen G
309
influenza like symptoms few hours after receiving pen g for tx of syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
310
largest medically important bacteria
borrelia burgdorferi
311
Stain for Borrelia
Aniline dyes (Giemsa/Wright)
312
Cause of Lyme Disease
borrelia burgdorferi
313
Transmission of Lyme Disease
bite from deer ticks (Ixodes)
314
Spectrum of Lyme Disease
BAKE a LYME pie - Bell's palsy, Arthritis, Kardiac (Myocarditis - AV Block), Erythema chronicum migrans
315
DOC for Lyme Disease (Borrelia)
Doxycycline (alternative: amox or cefuroxime)
316
Programmed Rearrangements =
Relapsing fever
317
Cause of relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrenttis
318
Diagnostic test for relapsing fever
microscopy
319
DOC for relapsing fever (B. Recurentis)
Tetracycline or eryhromycin
320
Transmission of relapsing fever
Human body louse (pediculus humanus)
321
Shepherd's crook
leptospira interrogans
322
Gold standard for detection of leptospirosis
LeptoMAT (blood and CSF --> urine)
323
Most severe form of leptospirosis
Weil Syndrome
324
Triad of Weil Syndrome
Jaundice + Bleeding + Uremia
325
DOC for leptospirosis
Pen G
326
MCC cause of STI overall
Chlamydia trachomatis (Types D-K)
327
Chronic Keratoconjuctivitis progressing to scarring and blindness
Trachoma (C. trachomatis type A-C)
328
Stacato cough =
C. trachomatis neonatal pneumonia
329
Lymphogranuloma venereum
C. trachomats L1-L3
330
suppurative inguinal lymphadenitis
Lymphogranuloma venereum
331
Positive Frei test
Lymphogranuloma venereum (intradermal injection of antigen)
332
Associated with atherosclerosis, atypical pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumoniae
333
Psittacosis =
Chlamydia psittaci
334
bird fancier's disease =
Psittacosis caused by C. psittaci
335
DOC for chlamydia
Azithromycin
336
DOC for chlamydia conjuctivitis
erythromycin
337
DOC for LG venereum
doxycycline
338
DOC for psittacosis
Azithromycin
339
Detects anti-rickettsial antibodies in a patient's serum by agglutination of proteus organisms
Weil-Felix Test
340
Cause of rocky mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
341
Cause of Rickettsial pox
Rickettsia akari
342
Cause of epidemic typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
343
Cause of endemic typhus
Rickettsia typhi
344
Cause of Scrub typhus
Orienttia tsutsumagushi
345
Cause of Q fever
Coxiella burnetti
346
Cause of ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
347
Transmission of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Ticks (deer ticks - same with lyme disease)
348
Transmission of rickettsial pox
Mites (chiggers) - like scrub typhus
349
Transmission of epidemic typhus
Body Louse (like relapsing fever)
350
Transmission of Endemic typhus
Rat flea
351
Transmission of Scrub typhus
Mites (chiggers) - like rickettsial pox
352
Transmission of Q fever
NONE
353
Transmission of Ehrlichosis
Ticks (Dermacentor - like tularemia)
354
Manifestation of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
rash starts in the wRist, spreads centriPetally ("Rocky mountain sPotter fever")
355
Manifestation of Typhus
rash starts in Trunk, spreads centriPHUgally ("TyPHUs")
356
Diseases with Palm and Sole Rash
"C"oxsackievirus Type "A", "R"ocky mountain spotted fever, "S"yphillis - you drive CARS using your palms and soles
357
Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae
358
DOC for cat scratch disease
doxycycline
359
DOC for ehrlichosis
doxycycline
360
Clue cells =
Bacterial Vaginosis
361
Bacterial vaginosis =
Gardnerella vaginalis
362
Test for bacterial vaginosis
whiff test
363
DOC for bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole
364
DOC for chancroid
azithromycin or ceftriaxone
365
Pseudeoappendicitis (mesenteric adenitis)
Yersinia enterocolitica, self-limiting
366
Donovanosis =
Klebsiella granulomatis
367
Closed safety pins=
Donovan bodies (like yersinia)
368
Beefy red ulcer with velvety surface
Klebsiella granulomatis
369
DOC for klebsiella granulomatis
azithromycin
370
MOA of azole antifungals
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
371
allergiv bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
372
Aflatoxin causing liver cancer
Aspergillus flavus
373
Liver necrosis due to amanitin and phlloidin
Amanita mushrooms
374
Nonspecific agar for fungi
Saboraud's agar (low pH inhibits bacteria)
375
Ringworms =
Dermatophytes
376
3 important dermatophytes
derMETophytes - Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton tonsurans)
377
Green fluorescence on wood's lamp
Ringworms (specifically microsporum)
378
Spaghetti and meatballs
Malassezia furfur (Tinea versicolor/An-an)
379
Rose gardeners
Sporothrix schenckii
380
DOC for Sporotrichosis
Itraconzole or Potassium Iodide
381
Mold in soil; SPHERULE in tissue
Coccidiodes immitis
382
Transmission of Coccidiodes immitis
inhalation of ARTHROSPORES (arthrospores form spherules filled with endospores)
383
DOC for coccidiodes
Amphotericin B or Itraconazole (fluconazole if with meningitis)
384
Bird droppings, Starlings, bat guano
Histoplasma capsulatum
385
2 forms of asexual spores of H. capsulatum
Tuberculate macroconidia(diagnostic) and microconidia (infective)
386
Histoplasma Hides inside Macrophages
develop into budding yeasts inside macrophages, spreads to liver and spleen
387
Name 2 great mimickers of TB
Histoplasmosis and Paragonimus
388
Round yeast with broad based buds
Blastomyces dermatitidis
389
Most common cause of fungal pneumonia
Blastomyces dermatitidis
390
Transmission of blastomycosis
inhalation of conidia
391
DOC for blastomycosis
Itraconazole (amphotericin if severe)
392
Mariner's Wheel
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
393
Transmission of paracoccidioidomycosis
Inhalation of conidia
394
DOC for paracoccidiodomycosis
Itraconazole
395
5 opportunistic mycoses
Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumugatus; Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor spp.; Pneumocystis jiroveci
396
Oval yeast with a single bud or as pseudohyphae
Candida albicans
397
Germ tubes in serum and chlamydo-spores in culture
Candida albicans
398
DOC for oral thrush from candida
Nystatin
399
DOC for skin infections from candida
clotrimazole
400
DOC for disseminated candidiasis
amphotericin B
401
DOC for chemoprophylaxis for candida
fluconazole
402
MCC of fungal septicemia
Candida albicans
403
Oval yeast wth narrow based bud surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule
Cryptococcus neoformans
404
Staining techniques for cryptococcus
India ink with Nigrosin
405
Screening test for cryptococcus
CALAS (Cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system)
406
Pigeon droppings
Cryptococcus neoformans
407
Transmission of cryptococcus
Inhalation of yeasts
408
MCC of meningoencephalitis among AIDS patients
Cryptococcus neoformans
409
DOC for Cryptococcus
amphotericin B and Flucytosine
410
DOC for chemoprophylaxis for cryptococcus
fluconazole
411
septate hyphae that form V-shaped (dichotomous) branches in acute angles
Aspergillus fumigatus
412
T or F: Aspergillus fumigatus only exists as MOLDS
TRUE!
413
Transmission of aspergillosis
inhalation of conidia
414
Asthmatic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (APBA)
Asthmatic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (APBA)
415
DOC for aspergillosis
amphotericin B
416
Saprophytic molds with nonseptate hyphae with walls and branches at right angles
Mucormycosis
417
Rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with eschar formation
Mucormycosis
418
Patients at risk for mucormycosis
DKA, Burns, Leukemia
419
BAL washings stained with toluidine blue and methenamine silver stain
Pneumocystis jiroveci
420
Transmission of pneumocystis
inhalation of cysts
421
Most common AIDS defining illness
Pneumocystis jiroveci
422
Frothy exudate that blocks oxygen exchange
Pneumocystis jiroveci
423
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia with ground glass infiltrates
Pneumocystis jiroveci
424
DOC for pneumocystis
TMP-SMX
