Microbiome & Microbiota

Question 1

Microbiome?

Answer 1

Functional collection of different microbes and the system

Question 2

Microbiota?

Answer 2

Different types of organims in an environmental habitat

Question 3

Mapping?

Answer 3

16s rRNA

Development of biomarkers, therapies, probiotics

Question 4

Most abundant in the gut?

Answer 4

H. pylori

Question 5

Other genera - BAFFP?

Answer 5

Bacteriodates
Firmicutes
Actinobacteria
Fusobacteria
Proteobacteria

Question 6

Enterotypes?

Answer 6

Bacteriodates
Prevotella
Ruminocolus

Question 7

Fermentation in colon?

Answer 7

Bacteriodates - obligate anaerobes

Gram+

Question 8

Fermentation of cellulose and pectin?

Answer 8

Firmicutes - VFA, CO2, H2, CH4

Question 9

Other in colon products?

Answer 9

B12, K, Steroids, EAA-metabolites

Question 10

Goblet cells?

Answer 10

Produce mucin with antimicrobial peptins

Question 11

Oral cavity enzymes?

Answer 11

Saliva with lysozyme and lacto peroxidase

Question 12

Any bacteria in mouth?

Answer 12

Bacteria that mostly colonize by biofilms
Faculative aerobes
Some obligate anaerobes and aerobes

Question 13

Upper resp. tract?

Answer 13

Staphylococci
Strepthococci
Gram- cocci

Question 14

Lower resp. tract?

Answer 14

Celiated epithelial cells that push to upper tract

Question 15

Kidneys and bladder?

Answer 15

Sterile

Question 16

Distal urethra?

Answer 16

Faculative aerobes - PM and E. Coli

Question 17

Enterotypes Vagina?

Answer 17

5 enterotypes of lactobacillus

Acidopiles -> polysaccaride to lactic acid

Question 18

Functions of Skin?

Answer 18

Prevent dehydration and barrier for intruders

Question 19

Diversity in skin (environments)?

Answer 19

Depends on the micro environments

Moist - firmicutes
Dry - actinobacteria
Sebaceus - actinobacteria

Question 20

@ young age?

Answer 20

Actinobacteria - gene products that produce K2, B6, B7

Question 21

@ older age?

Answer 21

B1, B5, B12

Question 22

Factors during aging?

Answer 22

Diversity and ratio of bacteriodates and firmicutes

Question 23

Stable species?

Answer 23

Bacteriodates

Actinobacteria

Question 24

Breastfeeding?

Answer 24

Lactobacillus and B. longum

Question 25

B. longum?

Answer 25

Breaks down unusual oligosaccharides, block pathogen receptors and produces SFA. Used as a probiotic

Question 26

IBD?

Answer 26

Imbalance between immunesystem and gut microbiota

Question 27

Dysbiosis?

Answer 27

Disruption in the homestasis of gut and host microbiota.

Question 28

Leaky gut?

Answer 28

Gut pathogen that activates the specific immunesystem

Question 29

Obesity?

Answer 29

Host genes that increases uptake of lipids and glucose. The breakdown of VFA, acetate, propionate and buturate -> H2 fermentation and the products is correlated to obesity.

Question 30

Diet high in fibers?

Answer 30

Fermentation leads to the VFA that binds to receptors and increases the amount of satiety hormones.

Question 31

Oral disease?

Answer 31

Streptoccous - Caries | Low diversity - Chronic peridonditis

Question 32

Skin disease?

Answer 32

P. acnes

Question 33

Vagina disease?

Answer 33

High Candida - Vaginitis T. vaginalis and Protozoan - Vaginosis

Question 34

Resilience & resistant?

Answer 34

Return during a short period of time. Resisting.

Question 35

Pro- and prebiotics?

Answer 35

Live bacteria - B. longum and Lactobacillus Plant nutrients as microbial growth