Microbiota

Question 1

Describe the beginging of baby life in relation to microbiota

Answer 1

In the beginning the baby is sterile because it lived in a sterile environment but after birth it will be in touch with the mother’s microbiota and so its skin and so it’s they just if track will get a normal microbiota shared by the mother and then in the years that come the baby will be in touch with a third people animals and objects an enrich its own microbiota

Question 2

Microbiome central vs secondarie
What is the difference?

Answer 2

The central microbiome is one that is shared among. most people. It’s not really very varied. On the other hand, second. microbiome is a biome that is very specific from one individual to another and varies a lot between species and individuals.

Question 3

Facteurs externes qui influencent le microbiote (4)

Answer 3

• Hygiène personnel (savon, déodorant, rince-bouche, douche vaginale)
• Diète (riche en fibre, en graisse, en sucre) + diversifiée ou non
• H2O (avec chlore vs eau de puits)
• Prise d’antibiotique

Question 4

Where do we find these bacteria?

Staphylococcus
Corynebacterium
Propionibacterium

Answer 4

Peau

Question 5

Where do we find these bacteria?

Staphylococcus viridans
Neisseria
Corynebacterium

Answer 5

Bouche

Question 6

Where do we find these bacteria?

Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Enterococcus
Bacteroides

Answer 6

Côlon

Question 7

What bacteria in Vagin?

Answer 7

Lactobacillus

Question 8

Find the odd one out:

Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
Corynebacterium
Proteus

Answer 8

Corynebacterium because it is on skin vs the rest is in colon

Question 9

Find the odd one out:

Neisseria
Corynebacterium
Bacteroides

Answer 9

Bacteroides because it is in colon vs the rest is in mouth

Question 10

Find the odd one out:

Propionibacterium
Proteus
Enterococcus

Answer 10

Propionibacterium because it is in skin vs the rest is in colon

Question 11

What areas of skin would you excpect to have the most bacteria?

Answer 11

Sweaty parts:

Il est influencé par la présence ou non de glandes sébacées et l’humidité

Question 12

In which of these ares do we ave the least of bacteria and why?
Saliva
Stomach
Colon

Answer 12

Stomach :

Acid protects against bacteria. What happens when we take an anti-acid -> more bacteria

Question 13

In the colon
Bactéries _________ strictes plus nombreuses que les bactéries ____________

Answer 13

anaérobies

aérobies

Question 14

True or False

L’analyse du microbiote ne permet pas de prédire le développement éventuel d’une maladie

Answer 14

True.

At the current age, nothing shows a correlation between microbiota and illness

Question 15

List the general principales fonctions du microbiote intestinal (3)

Answer 15

1) Fonctions métaboliques
2) Stimule l’immunité innée
3) Prévient la colonisation par des bactéries pathogènes

Question 16

Explain the Fonctions métaboliques of the microbiote?

Answer 16

Helps metabolize certain nutrients. making it easier to absorb for the host
Examples include large carbon molecules like cellulose.

Question 17

Explain how the microbiota in the intestinal tract protects us. protects us against pathogens?

Answer 17

By covering the mucus layer. It first protects against the infiltration of the pathogens.
They consume nutrients that otherwise the pathogens would use to grow
Stimulating the immune system
Incerasing résistance cell épithéliales + recrutement de cellules inflammatoires

Question 18

Provide three examples of how the alteration of the normal microbiota can lead to disease

Answer 18

1. Diarrhea caused by taking antibiotics that alters the normal microbiotic environment of the colon leading to the proliferation of C difficile
2. Obesity caused in people that lack bacteria that are efficient in helping with digestion
3. Proliferation of a bacteria that degrades the mucin layer causing inflammation and ulcers (Akkermansia muciniphila)

Question 19

Give an example of how we can use the microbiotic flora to help a disease (experiement)?

Answer 19

A great example is seen in obese and non-obese mice where the transfer of the microbiota from one mice to the other led to the non obese mice becoming obese and the other way around. This means that the same could potentially be used in humans that suffer from obesity

Question 20

Give an example of how we can use transplantation of microbiota in humans

Answer 20

Traitement de la diarrhée à C. difficile réfractaire au traitement
standard. (Efficacité de 40-96% après une seule transplantation

Question 21

What are probiotics?

Answer 21

Probiotics are a mix of bacteria put together in two colonize the intestinal flora.
The majority of probiotics have gram positive bacteria.
Efficiency depends on the bacteria that are chosen, the dough’s, the survival rate of the microorganisms after passing the stomach.

Question 22

True or false; in contrast to medication probiotics are a recommended

Answer 22

False medications have good control on the composition and bioavailability of microorganisms after the passage on the stomach whereas probiotics don’t. As such it’s not easy to predict the outcome of taking probiotics as a matter of fact it is not recommended to prescribe them To the general population

Question 23

If you have to give one advice to a patient that would like to have a more diverse microbiota what would it be?

Answer 23

To eat a diversified diet

Question 24

What are the patients that should not at all cost take probiotics and why ?

Answer 24

Need to be very careful for immunosuppressed patients as there is a risk for bacteria to easily enter the blood circulation and cause a pathological effects

Question 25

Give two scenarios where it is recommended to give probiotics

Answer 25

In a colectomie (colon removal) total to prevent Pouchite = inflammation du réservoir

Prévention de l’entérocolite nécrosante chez le prématuré (né avant la 37e semaine de gestation)