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EPT II > Microcurrent > Flashcards

Microcurrent Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of electromagnetic spectrum (medium frequency current)

A

Interferential therapy (IFT)

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2
Q

Examples of electromagnetic spectrum (high frequency current)

A

Shortwave diathermy, microwave

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3
Q

What are the alternative terms of microcurrent?

A
  • Low intensity direct current (LIDC)
  • Microamperage Stimulation
  • Microelectrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS)
  • Low-volt pulsed microamp stimulation
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4
Q

Therapeutic Uses of microcurrent (5 points)

A
  1. Wound healing
  2. Promote tissue healing (soft tissue)
  3. Pain control ~ to TENS but lower current
  4. Acute soft tissue injury
  5. Treating Trismus
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5
Q

Trismus

A

Tightness over TMJ

Side effect after radiotherapy (e.g. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma NPC)

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6
Q

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma NPC

A

鼻咽癌

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7
Q

Parameters of microcurrent

A 
Output current: 10-600 microamplitude (uA)
Constant current generator
Biphasic or monophasic
Frequency: 1-990 Hz
Power source: alkaline battery
Max output voltage: 50-60V peak DC
Pulse width: ~50-150 microsecond (usec)
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8
Q

Current intensity of microcurrent

A

10-600 uA

Max: 600 uA = 0.6 mA

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9
Q

Current intensity of TENS

A

0-100 mA

Max: 100 mA (may have pain)

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10
Q

Function of constant current generator

A

Used in mobile technique (moving around on skin)
» help to maintain a stable current

As the resistance may change significantly at different area (e.g. May move to a point with superficial blood vessels)
» current may increase or decrease suddenly

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11
Q

Bioelectricity

A

Every cell maintain a voltage across its external membrane, and across the membranes
(Among organelles, V changes)

Aggragates of cells also setvup voltage across various tussue layers

Involved in the transport through the membrane of ions that influence cell healing

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12
Q

Does gate control theory applied to microcurrent?

A

No. As the intensity is too low (0.6mA)

|&raquo_space; No actually feeling on the patient

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13
Q

Robert O. Becker — The Body Electric

A

Human body:
Central spinal axis: polarized positively
Peripheral: polarized negatively

Biological current: 10-20 uA (all tissues)
» for cellular regeneration and repair

Injury: balance of postive and negative poles is disrupted
» positive charge builds up in the injury area

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14
Q

Potential mechanism of microcurrent (a kind of direct current DC)

A

Cellular:
> boost the no. of organelles responsible for cellular
activity
> increase conc. of ATP
&raquo_space; increase cellular energy
&raquo_space; facilitates cell proliferation and protein
synthesis (important to repairing process)

Tissue level:
> promote vascular permeability
   >> WBC can come out
> Angiogensis
> neural sprouting
> formation of new skin, bone, cartilage, and soft 
   tissue

Restore biological electrical balance
» facilitate tissue healing and subsequently pain
control

*** assume tissue healing and pain are related

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15
Q

Angiogensis

A

Growth of new small blood vessels

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16
Q

Effect of negative pole

A

Vasodilation
» not for acute painful nerves(more of chronic case)

More effective for bone and nerve repair

Softening of scar tissue, adhesions

17
Q

Effect of positive pole

A

Vasoconstriction
» used in acute swelling

Used for acute inflammation
>> positive charge accumulated   
     (traffic jam)
>> positive pole channel the positive 
     ions and clear up the injuried area

Sedate acute nerve roots or acute trigger points

*** Can be used in later phase of wound healing (e.g. Chronic oedema)

18
Q

Rationale of Rx microcurrent

A

Choosing Polarity (+/-)

As Acute injury:
» positive charge built up
» sets up voltage potential different
at the area

Need to restore the biological current back to 10-20 uA
>> good for cellular regeneration and 
     repair 
>> speed up and enhance the body 
     immune system
19
Q

Methods of application of microcurrent

A
  1. Point of stimulation
    • Search and treat:
      > high conductance points
      > acupuncture points
      > trigger points
      > “ah-shi” points
    • “Swirl the dragon”
    • Golgi tendon organ GTO
      technique
    • Enhancement of tissue repair
      ETR technique
  2. electromassage
  3. Unattended treatment woth
    electrode pads
  4. Combination technique
20
Q

Swirl the dragon

A

Doing myofascia relief by massaging with probe electrodes

21
Q

Electromassage

A

Combine electrical stimulation with manual technique

E.g. Mobilisation, friction massage, myofascial release, acupressure

22
Q

Combine technique

A

IFT, contract relax, motion, stretching, hydrotherapy

23
Q

Advantages of microcurrent

A

Can be used over metal implant

Enhance tissue healing
» treating the condition, not just symptomatic relief

Can be used in sensitive patients
> using sub-sensory stimulation
&raquo_space; as no feeling during the Rx

No muscle contraction is expected

24
Q

Disadvantages of microcurrent

A

Hard to convince patient
> as no or minimal sensation

Less placebo effect
> as such a small amount of current

Therapeutic effect not substantiated

Not for mm strengthening or re-education

25
Q

Contraindications of microcurrent

A

Electronic demand-type cardiac pacemaker

Cancer
» may stimulate neoplastic cells

Pregnancy

Epilepsy
» transcerebral stimulation

Cardiac problems
» transthoracic stimulation

Areas with tendency to haemorrhage

26
Q

Choice of parameters

A 
Higher settings:
200-600 uA
Above 30 Hz
Sharp ramp time
More immediate analgestic effects
Lower settings:
10-100 uA
0.3 Hz - 10 Hz
Gentle ramp time
More carry-over effect to 24-48hrs
Total Rx time
10-60 mins
Varied by techniques or choice of electrode
>> pad electrode: current density 
     decreases, can use for a longer 
     time
>> Probe: current density increases, 
     less Rx time (in terms of second   
     or a minute)

Depends on:
Therapeutic effects
Stage of injury
Individual response to Rx

27
Q

Examples of electromagnetic spectrum (low frequency current)?

A

TENS, microcurrent, Functional Electrical Stimulation, magnetic therapy

EPT II (2 decks)

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