Microeukaryotes

Question 0

Cytoskeleton

Answer 0

Microtubules
Microfilaments
Cortical actin skeleton

Question 1

Characteristics - 7

Answer 1

Endomembrane system
Cytoskeleton 
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Multiple linear chromosomes
Sexual reproduction (haploid and diploid generations)
Flagella

Question 2

Microfilaments

Answer 2

twisted cables of actin

Question 3

Microtubules

Answer 3

hollow rods of tubulin

Arise from microtubule organising centres or basal bodies of flagella

Question 4

Cortical actin skeleton

Answer 4

Underlies cell membrane
Allows change of shape: phagocytosis, pseudopodia
Stress fibres protect cell from environmental stresses

Question 5

Size

Answer 5

Mostly 5-20 micrometers
Amoeba more than a few cm
Pico-eukaryotes: 1 micrometer

Question 6

Similarities

Answer 6

Actin -> MreB (cell elongation)
-> ParA (plasmid and chromosome segregation)
Tubulin -> FtsZ (z-ring)
Glycolysis, TCA cycle -> bacteria
Ribosomes, RNA polymerases (info transfer)-> archaea

Question 7

TCA

Answer 7

Citric acid cycle

Krebs cycle

Question 8

Mitochondria - 6

Answer 8

Cristae, matrix 
Bacteria-sized
Circular chromosomes
Bacterial (70S) ribosomes
Mitochondrial DNA similar to rickettsias

Question 9

Rickettsias -6

Answer 9

Parasitic bacteria
Typhus, chlamydia
Reproduce only inside host
Energy parasites
Outer membrane of mitochondrium would be hosts vacuole, inner would be rickettsias outer membrane)

Question 10

Micro eukaryotes naming

Answer 10

Protists - all

Protozoa - only non-photosynthetic

Question 11

You are what you eat scenario

Answer 11

An archaeon evolved to eat bacteria which later became mitochondria
(Where did the cytoskeleton come from)

Question 12

Old classification -4

Answer 12

Amoebas
Flagellates
Ciliates
Sporozoans

Question 13

Amoebas

Answer 13

Lobose
Radiolarians
Foraminiferans

Question 14

Lobose amoebas - 4

Answer 14

Lobopodia, driven by actin polymerisation
Predatory, engulf and digest prey in vacuoles
Aggregate into grex or syncitium
Produce fungus-like fruiting bodies

Question 15

Grex

Answer 15

Multicellular lobose amoebas

Slug-like organism

Question 16

Syncitium

Answer 16

Acellular lobose amoebas

Multinuclear mass of cytoplasm

Question 17

Radiolarians

Answer 17

Silica shells

Long thin pseudopodia = actinopodia supported by microtubules

Question 18

Foraminiferans

Answer 18

Calcium carbonate shells

Long thin reticulopodia which fuse together in a net to catch prey

Question 19

Flagellates -6

Answer 19

Green algae
Dinoflagellates
Heterokonts
Euglenia 
Kinetoplastids
Diplomonads, trichomonads

Question 20

Dinoflagellates

Answer 20

Flagella in grooves of a shell, one forward, one helical and wrapped around cell waist
Toxic red tides
Paralytic shellfish poisoning

Question 21

Heterokonts

Answer 21

One flagella hairy, forward pointing, thrust generating
Another plain, trailing backwards, used for steering
Brown algae, diatoms, oomycetes (water moulds)

Question 22

Kinetoplastids

Answer 22

Parasites (sleeping sickness, chaga’s disease)
One long flagellum attached to undulating membrane
One giant mitochondrion at the base of flagella (kinetoplasts)

Question 23

Diplomonads

Answer 23

No mitochondrium
Giardia
Looks like 2 cells joined together 
2 nuclei
8 flagella
Attach to host intestines

Question 24

Trichomonads

Answer 24

No mitochondrium Instead have hydrogenosomes that produce H2 Bundle of flagella

Question 25

Ciliates

Answer 25

Cilia beat in unison driven by network of microtubules Most complex unicellular organisms Permanent mouth (cytostome) and gut (cytopharynx) Predatory 2 nuclei Macronuclei for gene expression Micro nuclei for reproduction

Question 26

Apicomplexans

Answer 26

= sporozoans Apical complex = organelle used to penetrate host cells Multi-host parasites Malaria (plasmodium), toxoplasmosis

Question 27

Closest relative of animals

Answer 27

Choanoflagellates (collar animalcules) | Resemble feeding cells of sponges

Question 28

Inter-domain similarities -5

Answer 28

``` Streptomycetes = fungi Slime moulds = myxobacteria Yeasts = g+ cocci Flagellates = rod-shaped bacteria Cyanobacteria = algae ```