Microevolution Flashcards
What are mutations and what are the different types?
Random introduction of alleles into a new population can be neutral, beneficial, or harmful to help/hurt fitness and reproductive success
What is fitness?
How well suited are organisms to have offspring that can live and survive?
What is gene flow?
Movement of genes that is NOT RANDOM…..occurs when organisms chose to leave. It happens between 2 different interbreeding populations that have different allele frequency
What is Non Random Mating
Individual organisms in a population pick mates based on phenotypes WANT STRONG VIABLE GENES, this can increase the rate of homozygous alleles in a population
What is Genetic Drift
Refers to random change in genetic variation due to chance…it changes allele frequencies and could be caused by diseases, volcanic eruption, etc.
NO NATURAL SELECTION OR FITNESS AFFECTS THIS=RANDOM
Natural Selection
The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change (based on competition, mutations, etc.)
Different types of Selections?
Stabilizing- favours intermediate variants
Directional- favours 1 of the extreme phenotypes
Disruptive- favours both of the extreme phenotypes
Sexual- favours trait that can increase mating success; process by which individuals compete for a mate
Kin- Organisms engage in self-sacrificial behaviour
Example of disruptive selection?
Finches with wide beaks and narrow beaks live differently but are able to eat well based on their environments
Examples of Kin Selection
Harmed mother bird avoiding her nest as to not draw attention of predators to her babies
Worker honeybee gives up their life to protect the hive from danger
What is the Bottleneck Effect?
; Genetic Drift
- When a severe effect results in drastic result in numbers, a very small number of alleles survive to establish a new population
What is the Founder Effect?
; Genetic Drift
-When few individuals from a large population leave to establish a new population
What are preferred phenotypes (definition)?
Sought out to be the best traits for survival (non-random mating)
What is inbreeding
Mating of individual organisms that are closely related via common ancestry (non-random mating)
What is microevolution?
The change in the frequency of a gene pool on a small scale…happens from 1 generation to the next
