Resp System

Question 1

What is the purpose?

Answer 1

• uptake of O2, disposal of CO2 via cellular respiration where O2 is needed as the final electron acceptor in ATP production
• gas exchange

Question 2

What does Resp system depend on?

Answer 2

Specialized system that depends on the size of the organism

Question 3

Respiration is…the __ of ___

Answer 3

The diffusion of gases across plasma membranes

Question 4

What conditions do we need for adequate respiration as primates?

Answer 4

A warm and moist condition internally

Question 5

Gills and the Resp System

Answer 5

• Aquatic respiration: organs increase surface area for diffusion by extending gills (tissues), lets them extract oxygen from water at a greater level
• Organism must be kept moving to prevent stagnant O2
• Gills (external) are also easily damaged

Question 6

Mammals and the Resp System

Answer 6

• Increase metabolic rates help produce and sustain body temperature, requiring a more efficient system
• Lungs of mammals are packed with alveoli to increase SA

Question 7

FLOW OF AIR

Answer 7

mouth/nose-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchiole-alveoli

Question 8

Are breathing and respiration the same?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Nostril
Nose Hair
Turbinates
Sinus
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Glottis

Answer 9

Nostril: conducts air into nasal cavity; purifying
Nose Hair: filters out dust and dirt from entering the tract; hair is covered in mucus
Turbinates: thin bones that decrease SA and secrete mucus; moistens air
Sinus: produce mucus that moisturizes the inside of the nose
Pharynx: connects the mouth to the throat
Epiglottis: flap of cartilage behind the tongue preventing anything BUT air from entering the trachea
Glottis: opening to the trachea

Question 10

Cilated Cells help do what

Answer 10

Secrete mucous to trap foreign particles and propel them to be expelled

Question 11

Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs

Answer 11

Bronchi: 2 smaller branches in the trachea
Bronchioles: tiny subdivisions of the bronchi
Alveoli: tiny sacs (1 cm thick) at the end of bronchioles
Lungs: flexible membrane that allow for expansion and contraction

Question 12

T/F: The lungs are like a balloon?

Answer 12

F; not hollow

Question 13

Where does inspired air travel through?

Answer 13

The alveolus

Question 14

Boyles Law

Answer 14

P and V are inversely proportional

Question 15

Inhalation Continued Process…

Answer 15

Thoracic V increases with intercostal muscles and diaphragm and moves down, contraction of the muscles causes the rib cage to expand and raises the rib cage
Contraction of the diaphragm causes it to decrease and flatten

Question 16

Exhalation

Answer 16

Relaxation of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm produces unforced exhalation
The diaphragm relaxes and moves out
External intercostals relax the ribs and volume decreases as pressure increases, letting air exit

Question 17

Tidal Volume?

Answer 17

lung volume representing the normal volume of air that is displaced between normal inflation and exhalation when extra effort isn’t applied
Normal: around 500mL

Question 18

Normal Resp Rate

Answer 18

12-20

Question 19

What senses an increase in CO2 levels

Answer 19

Medulla Oblongata

Question 20

What senses a decrease in O2 partial pressure

Answer 20

Chemoreceptors

Question 21

Hypo and Hyperventilation

Answer 21

Hypo(when o2 is inadequate to perform gas exchange) and hyper(decreased co2 in the blood, brain signals for rapid and deep breathing)

Question 22

What gives RBC its pigment and is a vital nutrient

Answer 22

Hemoglobin

Question 23

Why is CO dangerous

Answer 23

it binds a lot better to hemoglobin than co2

Question 24

Hemegroups are…?

Answer 24

4 polypeptide chains and 4 organic compounds

Question 25

Blood passing through the capillaries release o2

Answer 25

Deoxyhemoglobin; dark red

Question 26

Vessels that carry oxygenated blood are

Answer 26

light red

Question 27

Why do veins appear blue?

Answer 27

It's the colour reflected back to our eyes and the saturation and hue depends on the pigment of ones skin; veins actually carry deoxygenated blood which is dark red

Question 28

Tonsilitis

Answer 28

Tonsil Inflammation; take them out (old idea) bc they might help remove pathogens

Question 29

Laryngitis

Answer 29

Larynx inflammation; vocal cords can't vibrate properly, mucus buildup and hoarse voice; NO TALKING, INCREASED FLUID INTAKE

Question 30

Infectious Rhinitis (cold)

Answer 30

viral, contagious via droplets, NO ANTIBIOTICS NEEDED, there is no vaccine/cure

Question 31

Bronchitis

Answer 31

Bronchi inflammation; acute: CAN BE TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS (Bacterial caused), may be given a puffer chronic: cilia become damaged and can't clear debris; quit smoking

Question 32

Pneumonia

Answer 32

Alveoli become inflamed and fill with liquid, gas exchange is impaired and the body becomes starved for o2

Question 33

Empheysema

Answer 33

Chronic: alveolar walls break down and lose elasticity, SA decreases and breathing is hard Treatment: remove parts of the lung

Question 34

Emphysema

Answer 34

Chronic: alveolar walls break down and lose elasticity, SA decreases and breathing is hard Treatment: remove parts of the lung

Question 35

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 35

Genetic condition that causes the cell lining of the alveoli to secrete sticky and thicker mucus; hard to remove from the lungs...PRONE 2 INFECTIONS (moist environment 4 bacteria) no cure

Question 36

Asthma

Answer 36

Chronic respiratory disorder, bronchi and bronchioles tighten and close to restrict air flow, puffer

Question 37

Obstructive Lung Disease

Answer 37

can lead to lung cancer, smoking caused

Question 38

Detaches and spreads elsewhere

Answer 38

Metastases

Question 39

Lung cancer

Answer 39

abnormal cells multiply to form malignant tumours (carcinomas) that impede healthy lung tissue

Question 40

Benign

Answer 40

Non cancerous growth

Question 41

Malignant

Answer 41

Cancerous growth