Microprocessor (Mod 2) Flashcards
The basic blocks of a computer are the:
- Central processing unit (CPU)
- Memory
- Input/Output (I/O)
Other terms for central processing unit
- Central processor
- Main processor
- Processor
the electronic circuitry within a computer that executes instructions that make up a computer program
Central Processing Unit
Any physical thing that makes up a computer is considered a
Computer hardware
- consists of a collection of programs
- collection of data or computer instructions that tells the hardware how to work or what to do
Computer Software
contain instructions and data for performing a specific task
Programs
Two main types of software
- System software
- Application software
This type of software includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as operating systems, file managements utilities, and disk operating systems
System software
This type of software is a program or group of programs designed for the end users
Application Software (App for short)
It translates any programming languages into binary or machine language
Compiler
In computers, all arithmetic operations are performed using
addition
is a pattern of 0’s and 1 ’s that represents a specific location in memory or a particular I/O device
Address
Typical 8-bit microprocessors have ___ address lines, and, these can produce ___ unique ___-bit patterns from 0000000000000000 to 1111111111111111, representing ___ different address combinations
- 16 address lines
- 216
- 16-bit patterns
- 65,536
2 locations of data
- main memory
- disk
Disks are divided into
- Tracks
- Sectors
Address definition based on:
- computer data storage
- computer networks
- internet
- Address points to a location where data may be accessed
- Address refers to IP address
- Address refers to web address
manner in which the microprocessor determines the operand (data) and destination address during execution of an instruction. It specifies a rule for interpreting or modifying the address field of the instruction before the operand is actually executed
Addressing mode
a digital circuit used to perform arithmetic and logic operations. It represents the fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
the mathematical brain of a computer, it is THE thing that does all of the computation in a computer.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The ALU is a two in one, it has a:
- Logic Unit
- Arithmetic Unit
The Arithmetic Logic Unit has an operation in which it adds 1 to a number, this operation is called
Increment operation
Arithmetic Logic Unit has two logic circuits
- Full adder
- Half Adder
Arithmetic logic unit functions
- Sum
- Add w/ carry
- Subtract
- Subtract w/ borrow
- Negate
- Increment
- Decrement
- Pass through
Sum of A and B (ALU function)
Add
